Clause Constituents

Noun Phrase (NP)
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
Adjective Phrase (ADJP)
Adverb Phrase (ADVP)
Verb Phrase
Words Acting as Clausal Constituents
Table of Contents

This section describes the syntax of the clausal constituents, apart from embedded clauses (see Section TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES). For the internal structure of phrases, see Section INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PHRASES).

Noun Phrase (NP)

Subject (NP-SBJ)
Presentational THERE
Expletive presentational subject
Expletive IT
Empty expletive IT
Constructions with WOE, NEED, SHAME
First Object (NP-OB1) and Second Object (NP-OB2)
Verbs with a single NP object
NP-OB1 with monotransitive verbs
NP-OB1 with verbs meaning LIKE, LACK, NEED
Copular constructions
NP-OB1 in copular constructions
NP-OB2 in copular constructions
Cases in which a single NP is NP-OB2
NP-OB2 with impersonal verbs
NP-OB2 with cognate object verbs
NP-OB2 with verbs of motion and other intransitives
NP-OB2 with passives
NP-OB2 with DO SO
NP-OB2 when a thematically necessary first object is missing
Ditransitive verbs with two NP objects
Class I ditransitives
Class II ditransitives
NP-OB1 + CLAUSE
NP-OB1+CLAUSE with non-ditransitives
NP-OB1+CLAUSE in complex predicates
NP-OB1+CLAUSE with Class I ditransitives
NP-OB2 + CLAUSE
NP-OB2+CLAUSE with Class II ditransitives
Dative of possession (NP-DPS)
Measure Phrase (NP-MSR)
Measure phrases of time
Measure phrases of distance
FROM... TO
Measure phrases of degree
Locative NP (NP-LOC)
Temporal NP (NP-TMP)
Points in time
Frequency
Directional NP (NP-DIR)
Non-argument Reflexive (NP-RFL)
Left-dislocated NP (NP-LFD)
Left-dislocation in CPs
NP Adverb (NP-ADV)
Adverbial free relative clauses
Phrases like EACH IN HIS OWN WAY
Phrases like HAND AND FOOT, BODY AND SOUL, etc.
THE LONGER THE WORSE, EVER LONGER THE MORE
HIM ANE, etc.
FACE TO FACE
Adverbial genitives
WILLES, WILLES AND WALDES
Phrases headed by (UN)+TONC(ES)
Phrases headed by WISE
Phrases headed by GATE(S)
NEDE(S)
SOMEWHAT, SOMEDEL
EAWIHT, NAWIHT, OUGHT, NOUGHT
NOTHING
NP secondary predicates (NP-SPR)
Vocative (NP-VOC)
Non-argument (adjunct) NP (NP-ADT)
Non-functional NP (NP)
The logical subject in presentational THERE constructions
NPs extracted from another constituent
NP complements of prepositions and adjectives
Conjoined NPs

At the clausal level NPs are always labelled by function, or, if they have been extracted from another constituent, they are indexed.

Subject (NP-SBJ)

All clauses have a marked subject except imperatives (where they are indicated only when present in the string) and infinitive clauses with PRO subject (infinitival complements of ECM verbs have subjects; see Section INFINITIVES WITH ECM VERBS). Apart from these two cases, when a clause has no overt subject, an empty subject is added (see Section EMPTY SUBJECTS).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N kynge))
          (VBD (VBD lyked) (CONJ and) (VBD loved))
          (NP-OB1 (D this) (N lady))
          (ADVP (ADV wel))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.12)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q many) (NS knyghtes))
          (HVD had)
          (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N despite))
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (PRO hym)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,47.1553)) 

( (IP-IMP-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
              (VBI make)
              (IP-SMC-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO you))
			  (ADJP (ADJ redy)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Merlyn)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,4.77)) 

( (IP-IMP-SPE (PP (ADV+P therefore))
              (VBI take)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))    <--- subject present in imperative
              (NP-OB1 (D thys) (N hede)))
  (ID CMMALORY,49.1636)) 

Presentational THERE

Presentational THERE is marked as the subject and is co-indexed to the logical subject. The logical subject is labeled only as NP.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 (EX there))
              (BED was)
              (NP-2 (D a) (ADJ myghty) (N duke)
                    (CP-REL *ICH*-3))
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (NPR Cornewaill)))
              (CP-REL-3 (WNP-4 0)
                        (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-4)
                                (VBD helde)
                                (NP-OB1 (N warre))
                                (PP (P ageynst)
                                    (NP (PRO hym)))
                                (NP-MSR (ADJ long) (N tyme)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (NP-POS (NPR Saynt) (NPR$ Albons))))
          (NP-SBJ-1 (EX ther))
          (VBD mette)
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (D the) (N kynge)))
          (NP-1 (D a) (ADJ grete) (N hoost)
                (PP (P of)
                    (NP (D the) (N North))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,6.165)) 

Note that it is not always easy to tell presentational from locative THERE (see Section LOCATIVE ADVERBS) and any search for the one should include the other.

Expletive presentational subject

An expletive presentational subject is added when the logical subject is indefinite, and:
  1. the verb is existential BE
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
                  (BEP es)
                  (NP-2 (N nede)
                        (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                (TO to)
                                (DO do))))
          (ID CMBENRUL,32.1062)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
                  (NP (ADJ caald) (N cuntre)))
              (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
              (BEP es)
              (NP-1 (N nede)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (ADJR warmer) (NS hend))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMBENRUL,36.1170)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-MAT-SPE (ADVP-LOC (ADV Yondir))
                      (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
                      (BEP is)
                      (NP-1 (D a)
                            (ADJ shrewde) (N geste)))
          (ID CMMALORY,188.2709)) 
    
  2. with non-BE verbs, the first element in the clause is locative
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
              (PP (P vpon)
                  (NP (D the) (N body)))
              (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
              (VBD lay)
              (NP-1 (D a) (ADJ fyn) (N plate)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (N gold))))) 
      (ID CMMANDEV,11.215))
    
    ( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
                  (NP (D +tat) (N desert)))
              (NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
              (VBP duellen)
              (NP-2 (Q manye)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (NPRS Arrabyenes)))
                    (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                            (C +tat)
                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN men))
                                    (VBP clepen)
                                    (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                            (NP-OB1 (NPRS Bedoynes) (CONJ &) (NPRS Ascopardes))))))
              (E_S .)) (ID CMMANDEV,42.1039))
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (D +tat) (N place)))
              (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
              (VBP cometh)
              (NP-1 (Q+N noman)
                    (PP (P saf)
                        (NP (FP only) (PRO$ here) (N prelate)
                            (CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
                                    (C +tat)
                                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                                            (VBP maketh)
                                            (NP-OB1 (PRO$ here) (N sacrifise)))))))) 
      (ID CMMANDEV,55.1372))
    
    
All other potential presentational cases are treated as having inverted subjects.

Expletive IT

Overt expletive IT is not specially marked. In many cases it will be coindexed to an NP or clause, but in other cases, such as IT IS RAINING, it is not distinguished from non-expletive subject IT. Empty expletive subjects are indicated with the empty category (NP-SBJ *exp*). See Section EMPTY SUBJECTS.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
              (MD myghte)
              (VB please)
              (NP-OB2 (D the) (N kynge))
              (IP-INF-1 (TO to)
                        (VB make)
                        (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO her))
                                (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N quene)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.108)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB 
       (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO it))
       (BEP is)
       (NP-OB1 (NPR$ Goddes) (N wille))
       (CP-THT-1 (C that)
                 (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                         (MD shalle)
                         (BE be)
                         (NP-OB1 (PRO$ our) (N kynge)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,11.305)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (PP (P for)
              (NP (D +ti)))
          (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-1 (N neod)
                (IP-INF (TO to)
                        (HV $habben)
                        (NP-OB1 (ADJS best) (N warde))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.86.1048)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
          (NEG ne)
          (BEP is)
          (NP-1 (Q non) (N drede))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAYENBI,63.1169)) 

Empty expletive IT

Empty expletive IT is used in impersonal constructions and with extraposed subject clauses. See Section EMPTY EXPLETIVE SUBJECTS.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (VBP repentys)
              (ADVP (ADV sore))
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ youre) (ADJ grete) (N damage)))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,26.826)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (VBD thought)
          (CP-THT-1 (C 0)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 (EX there))
                            (BED was)
                            (VBN com)
                            (PP (P into)
                                (NP (PRO$ hys) (N londe)))
                            (NP-2 (NS gryffens) (CONJ and) (NS serpentes))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,33.1031)) 

Note that only IT and THERE are treated as expletives. A determiner subject and coreferential extraposed clause are treated as appositives.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (D that)
                      (CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (VBP forthynkith)
              (CP-THT-PRN-SPE-1 (C that)
				(IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
					    (HVP have)
					    (VBN greved)
					    (NP-OB1 (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Arthure))
						    (CONJP (CONJ or)
							   (NP (Q ony)
							       (PP (P of)
								   (NP (PRO$ hys) (N courte))))))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,51.1698)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (D This)
                      (CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
              (BEP is)
              (NP-OB1 (D an) (ADJ harde) (N ease))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Launcelot)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (CP-THT-PRN-SPE-1 (C that)
				(IP-SUB-SPE (CONJ other)
					    (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
							(MD muste)
							(VB dye))
					    (CONJP (CONJ other)
						   (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
							       (VB chose)
							       (NP-OB1 (ONE one)
								       (PP (P of)
									   (NP (PRO you))))))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,184.2552)) 

Constructions with WOE, NEED, SHAME

In constructions with WOE, NEED and SHAME (WOE/NEED/SHAME IS [TO] ME..., IT IS WOE/NEED/SHAME [TO] ME), WOE/NEED/SHAME is taken as the subject and the ``need'' or cause of ``woe'' or ``shame'', if present, is a complement of the subject. When this complement is an NP it is labelled NP-COM. Cases with IT are treated as expletive. The animate object, if present, is labelled NP-OB2 (see Section NP-OB2 IN COPULAR CONSTRUCTIONS).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Wa))     <--- WOE with no complement
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO him)
                  (CP-REL *ICH*-2))
          (PP (P+D for-+ti))
          (PP (P as)
              (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0) 
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (NPR seint) (NPR Austin))
                              (VBP sei+d))))
          (, .)
          (CP-REL-2 (WNP-3 0) 
                    (C +tt)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                            (BEP is)
                            (PP (P wi+d)
                                (NP (QP (ADVR to) (Q muche)) 
                                    (N luue)))
                            (PP (P to)
                                (NP (Q ei) (ADJ eor+dlich) (N +ting)))
                            (VAN iteiet)))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMHALI,148.290))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Wa))
          (BEP *)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
          (NP-ADT (D +das))
          (E_S !)) 
  (ID CMVICES1,5.44))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (N Wa)      <--- WOE with a clausal complement
                      (CP-THT-SPE *ICH*-2))
              (BEP is)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO$ mine) (N saule))
              (, ;)
              (CP-THT-SPE-2 (C +tet)
			    (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO$ mi) (N lif))
					(NP-MSR (ADJP (ADV +tus) (ADJ longe)))
					(VBP ilest)))
              (E_S .)) (ID CMLAMB1,157.492))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-2 *exp*) 
          (NP-3 (D +Da) (NS +dohtes)
                (CP-REL (WNP-1 0) 
                        (C +de)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                (VBP cume+d)
                                (PP (P of)
                                    (NP (NPR gode))))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO +de))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-2 (Q michel) (N nied)     <--- NEED
                (CP-THT (C +dat)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *ICH*-3)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO tu))
                                (ADVP (ADV wel))
                                (VBP understande))))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMVICES1,87.1005))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-1 (N nied))       <--- NEED
          (E_S !)) (ID CMVICES1,31.360))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO +tai))
          (MD sal)
          (HV haue)
          (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (NS +tingis)
                  (CP-REL *ICH*-1))
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (D+N tabbes)))
          (CP-REL-1 (WNP-2 0)
                    (C +tat)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO tay))
                            (HVP haue)
                            (NP-OB1 (N nede)    <--- NEED
                                    (PP (P of)
                                        (NP *T*-2)))))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMBENRUL,25.840))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
              (NP-SBJ (N schome)        <--- SHAME
                      (IP-INF-SPE *ICH*-1))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO ow))
              (BEP is)
              (IP-INF-SPE-1 (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
					(VB schuderin)
					(NP-MSR (ADJR lengre))
					(PP (P under)
					    (NP (N schelde))))
			    (CONJP (CONJ &)
				   (IP-INF-SPE (TO *) 
					       (VB schunien)
					       (NP-OB1 (CP-FRL-SPE (WNP-2 0) 
								   (C +tt)
								   (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO ge))
									       (MD schule)
									       (VB *) 
									       (PP (P to)
										   (NP *T*-2))))))))) 
  (ID CMKATHE,31.200))

For more on empty subjects, see Section EMPTY SUBJECTS.

First Object (NP-OB1) and Second Object (NP-OB2)

Because of the difficulties inherent in trying to label objects consistently by case, we have labelled complement NPs simply as first and second object. Note that the rules for deciding which object to label as first and second do not yield the linguistically correct analysis in all cases. They are designed to be unambiguous and to work well for automatic retrieval. Given the variability in case marking in Middle English and the changes the language undergoes, the approach taken seems the only practical one. Broadly, the first object includes direct objects and predicate nominals, while the second object category includes indirect objects and other oblique uses.

Verbs with a single NP object

While a single NP object of a verb will generally be labelled NP-OB1, there are cases in which this object will be labelled NP-OB2. For cases with an NP and a clausal object, see Section NP-OB1 + CLAUSE.

NP-OB1 with monotransitive verbs

The single object of a monotransitive verb is labelled NP-OB1.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D Thys) (N damesell))
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV than))
          (VBD behelde)
          (NP-OB1 (D thys) (ADJ poure) (N knyght)))
  (ID CMMALORY,46.1538)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR Arthure))
          (VBD toke)
          (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (D the) (N sheethe)
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NX (N gurdil))))))
  (ID CMMALORY,46.1508)) 

NP-OB1 with verbs meaning LIKE, LACK, NEED

The animate argument with verbs meaning LIKE, LACK and NEED with two NP arguments is labelled NP-OB1. Note, however, that in the impersonal construction with an NP (IT/THERE IS NEED [TO] ME), the animate argument is labelled NP-OB2, because of the presence of the verb BE. See Section NP-OB2 IN COPULAR CONSTRUCTIONS.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D this) (ADJ wise) (N man))
              (VBD saugh)
              (CP-THT (C that)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
                              (VBD wanted)
                              (NP-SBJ (N audience)))))
      (ID CMCTMELI,219.C2.95))

(NODE (PP (P if)
          (CP-ADV (C 0) 
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
                          (NP-OB1 (PRO +gow))
                          (VBP nede+t))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,51.1503))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ (Q alle) (NS guodes))
              (BEP bye+t)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO ous))        <--- NP-OB2 because of BE
              (VAN yfayled)
              (E_S .)
              (' ')) 
  (ID CMAYENBI,71.1343))

Copular constructions

NP-OB1 in copular constructions

The predicate in a copular construction when the object is identical to the subject (THAT WOMAN IS HILARY CLINTON) or a predicate on the subject (SALLY IS MY DOCTOR) is labelled NP-OB1. This applies both to BE and other copular verbs.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BED was)
              (NP-OB1 (D a) (ADJ lyckly) (N man)))
      (ID CMMALORY,46.1539))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for) 
      (NP-SBJ (PRO he)) 
      (BED was) 
      (NP-OB1 (D a) (ADJ good) (N man) 
              (RRC (VAN named) 
                   (PP (P of)
                       (NP (PRO$ his) (N body)))))
      (E_S ,)) (ID CMMALORY,46.1527))

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
          (NP-SBJ (N maydenhood))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (N gold))
          (E_S ,)) 
  (ID CMAELR3,27.29))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N blowere)
                  (IP-INF (TO to)
                          (VB melte)
                          (NP-OB1 (D +tys) (N gold))))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (D +te) (NPR deuel))
          (E_S ,)) 
  (ID CMAELR3,27.31))

NP-OB2 in copular constructions

When the NP is not identical to the subject or a predicate on it, it is labelled NP-OB2.
(NODE (IP (NP-OB2 (PRO ham))
          (NEG+BEP nis)
          (NP-SBJ (Q+N nawicht)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (N scheame)))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.160.2202))

(NODE (NP (Q alle) (ADJ hali) (NS hale+gen)
          (CP-REL (WNP-7 0)
                  (C +te)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-7)
                          (BED weren)
                          (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
                          (ADVP-TMP (ADV $ear))
                          (PP (PP (P $for) (CODE {TEXT:earfor})
                                  (NP (NS bre+dren)))
                              (CONJP (PP (P for)
                                         (NP (NS freont))))
                              (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                     (PP (P for)
                                         (NP (NS sustren))))))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.229.3320))

(NODE (PP (P gyf)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
                      (NP-SBJ (N gewill))
                      (BED w+are))))
      (ID CMKENTHO,137.95))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (VBP loki)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
          (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WD hwuch) (N wunne))
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                          (PP (ADV+P +trof))
                          (NP-OB2 (PRO hire)) 
                          (VBP iwur+de)))         <--- HAPPENS/BECOMES/IS 
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMHALI,153.365))

Cases in which a single NP is NP-OB2

In cases where an NP appears with an intransitive verb or where the first object has been displaced, often by becoming the subject or being incorporated into the verb, a single NP is also labelled NP-OB2.

NP-OB2 with impersonal verbs

With impersonal verbs an NP complement is always labelled NP-OB2. An accompanying clause if present is usually coindexed to the expletive subject.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (VBP repentys)
              (ADVP (ADV sore))
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ youre) (ADJ grete) (N damage)))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,26.826)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-VOC (N Sir))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Balyne)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (VBP forthynkith)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ youre) (N displeasure)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,49.1622)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (VBP plese)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO the)))
      (ID CMAELR4,15.437)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (VBD thought)
          (CP-THT-1 (C 0)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 (EX there))
                            (BED was)
                            (VBN com)
                            (PP (P into)
                                (NP (PRO$ hys) (N londe)))
                            (NP-2 (NS gryffens) (CONJ and) (NS serpentes))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,33.1031)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE-ADT (WQ whethir)
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
                          (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
                          (VBP lyste)
                          (IP-INF-1 (IP-INF (TO to)
                                            (VB save)
                                            (NP-OB1 (PRO the)))
                                    (CONJP (CONJ or)
                                           (IP-INF (TO *)
                                                   (VB sle)
                                                   (NP-OB1 (PRO the)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,40.1309))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO $me))
              (VBP $semyth)
              (CODE {TEXT:mesemyth})
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (PRO$ myne) (N herte)))
              (IP-INF-SPE-1 (TO to)
			    (VB spede)
			    (ADVP (ADV ryght) (ADV welle)))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,46.1537)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO the))
              (VBP list))
      (ID CMASTRO,669.C2.219)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
              (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (NP-2 (PRO hym))
              (MD oghte)
              (TO to)
              (BE ben)
              (ADJP (NP *ICH*-2)
                    (ADJ obeisaunt))
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (Q alle) (N rightwisnesse))))
      (ID CMCTPARS,310.C2.964)) 

NP-OB2 with cognate object verbs

With cognate object verbs (DELIGHT, PAIN, THANK, PRAY, etc.) the direct object is incorporated in the verb and thus the unincorporated object is indirect. Note that with THANK if the thing for which thanks is given is expressed by an NP, it is labelled NP-ADT (i.e., as an adjunct).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
          (VBP prey)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMAELR3,40.408)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD cunne)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV neauer))
              (VB +tonc)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (N sonde))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.102.1244)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
              (VBD +tonkede)
              (NP-OB2 (N Mon))
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ+NS goddede))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.166.2307)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +teo)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (NP-OB1 (D +tis) (N warninge))
                                  (PP (P ed)
                                      (NP (PRO$ hire) (CODE {TEXT:edhire}) (N suster)))
                                  (VBP underfe+d))))
          (VBP +tonke)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hire))
          (ADVP (ADV +georne))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.188.2670)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (VBP deme+d)      <--- JUDGE? 
              (ADVP-LOC (ADV her))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO us) (N seoluen)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.225.3256)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBP deliteth)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (PP (PP (P in)
                  (NP (D the) (N kepynge)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N tresor)))))
              (, ,)
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (PP (NEG nat)
                         (P in)
                         (NP (D the) (N rescowynge)
                             (CONJP (CONJ ne)
                                    (NX (N releevynge)))
                             (PP (P of)
                                 (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ+N evene-Cristen)))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTPARS,316.C1.1187)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
              (NP-RFL (PRO +te))
              (VBP paynest)
              (IP-INF (NP-1 (PRO him)) 
                      (FOR uor) (TO to)
                      (BE by)
                      (PP (P ylych)
                          (NP *-1)))
              (, .)
              (PP (P ase)
                  (CP-ADV (WADVP-2 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-2)
                                  (NP-SBJ (ADJ guod) (N zone))
                                  (MD ssel)
                                  (BE by)
                                  (PP (P ylich)
                                      (NP (PRO$ 
                                           his) (ADJ guode) (N uader)))))))
      (ID CMAYENBI,101.1970))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
          (VBP thank)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO +gow)
                  (QP (Q alle)))
          (, ,)
          (NP-VOC (NS serys))
          (, ,)
          (ADVP (ADV heyly))
          (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO what))
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-MSR (N fore-noon) (CONJ &) (N aftyr-noon))
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                                  (HVP haue)
                                  (HVN had)
                                  (ADVP (ADV resonably))
                                  (NP-TMP (D +tis) (N day)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMKEMPE,28.627)) 

NP-OB2 with verbs of motion and other intransitives

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N brea+d)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO$ hare) (VAG stinkinde) (N +trote))))
              (, .)
              (NEG ne)
              (VBP nach+gi)     <--- approaches
              (NP-OB2 (PRO ou))
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV neauer)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.68.753)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
              (BED wes)
              (VBN edstart)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO him)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.39.342)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO$ min) (N heorte))
              (BEP is)
              (VBN edflo+ge)            <--- escaped 
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.39.343)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
              (BEP beo+d)
              (VBN iflo+gen)            <--- fled
              (NP-OB2 (D +te) (N world)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.130.1717)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
              (VBP (VBP (VBP21 mis) (VB22 do))
                   (CONJ o+der)
                   (VBP (VBP21 mis) (VBP22 segge))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.86.1041)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-OB2 (Q ba) (PRO ham))
          (VBP tide+d)                  <--- befalls 
          (NP-SBJ (ONE+N andom))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.141.1903)) 

NP-OB2 with passives

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-VOC (N Sone))
              (' ')
              (, ,)
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBP sey+t)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Crist)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO$ +ty) (NS synnes))
              (BEP be+t)
              (VAN for+gyue)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,43.505)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (D +tat)
                      (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
				  (C +tat)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
					      (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
					      (VBP askest))))
              (BEP is)
              (NEG not)
              (VAN bynome)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMAELR3,50.782)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ (Q alle) (NS guodes))
              (BEP bye+t)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO ous))
              (VAN yfayled)
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMAYENBI,71.1344)) 

NP-OB2 with DO SO

In these cases DO SO is a proform for the verb plus direct object.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
              (ADVP (ADV swa))
              (DOD dude))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.98.1184)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV Swa))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (DOD dede)
          (NP-OB2 (NPR seinte) (NPR Petre)
                  (, ,)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +de)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO hine))
                                  (HVD hadde)
                                  (VBN forsaken))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMVICES1,111.1358)) 

NP-OB2 when a thematically necessary first object is missing

( (IP-IMP-SPE (' ')
              (NP-VOC (N Fader))
              (, ,)
              (VBI for+gif)     <--- forgive [it] them
              (NP-OB2 (PRO hem))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMAELR3,48.704)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD +gef)            <--- and [she] gave her lord [it]
          (NP-OB2 (PRO$ hire) (N lauerd))
          (E_S .))(ID CMANCRIW,II.43.393)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N kyng))
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
          (VBD grantede)        <--- granted [it] to him
          (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
          (ADVP (ADV frely))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,52.1525)) 

Ditransitive verbs with two NP objects

Ditransitive verbs are defined as those can appear with two NP objects. We have divided them into two classes: (1) those for which the animate object is NP-OB1 and the inanimate object is NP-OB2; and (2) those in which the inanimate object is NP-OB1 and the animate object is NP-OB2.

Class I ditransitives

This class includes verbs which originally generally took the accusitive of person and genitive of thing. In Modern English the second object is usually a PP with FROM or OF. Common meanings are SAVE, DELIVER, DEPRIVE, REMIND. Some of the verbs of Class I are:
     alesen, bereueden, benimen, forgremen, munen, mune+gen 
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (VBD alesede)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
              (NP-OB2 (ADJ eche) (N dea+de)))
      (ID CMTRINIT,5.44)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (PP (P mid)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ o+gene) (N dea+de)))
              (NP-OB1 (Q al) (N+N mankin))
              (VBD alesde)
              (PP (P of)        <--- ALESAN with NP and OF phrase
                  (NP (ADJ eche) (N dea+de))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,189.2608))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (ADVP (ADV eft))
              (PP (P +durh)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (ADJ muchele) (N mildce)))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO hes))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
              (VBP benime)
              (, ,)
              (PP (P +ar) (D +dane)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (D +dese) (N liue)))
                                  (VBP fare)))))
      (ID CMVICES1,15.157)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN man))
              (MD scolde)
              (VB beniman)
              (NP-OB1 (Q ealla) (D +ta) (NS minetere)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +te)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (BED w+aron)
                                      (PP (P on)
                                          (NP (NPR Englelande))))))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO$ heora) (NS liman)))
      (ID CMPETERB,46.148)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-OB2 *T*-2)
              (NP-SBJ (NPR adam))
              (VBD forgremede)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO us)
                      (QP (Q alle))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,35.476)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N louerd)
                  (NP-PRN (NPR seint) (NPR lucas)))
          (NP-OB1 (PRO giu))
          (VBP mune+d)
          (PP (P on)
              (NP (PRO$ his) (NPR godspel)))
          (NP-OB2 (NP (D +te) (ADJ wunderlich) (N (N21 hider) (N22 kume)))
                  (, .)
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (D +te) (ADJ erue+dliche) (N herbiwist)))
                  (, .)
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (D +te) (ADJ wunderliche) (N (N21 he+den) (N22 si+d))))
                  (, .)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (PRO$ ure) (N louerd)
                          (NP-PRN (NPR seint) (NPR iohan)
                                  (NP-PRN (NPR baptiste))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMTRINIT,125.1687)) 

Class II ditransitives

This class includes everything not included in the first class. These verbs usually took accusitive and dative or two accustives. An incomplete list includes the following:
     (um)bethink, +garken, +getten, ask, assign, behaten, beseech, bid,
     command, counsel, cu+den, declare, earn, ensure, forbid, frainen, give,
     grant, haten, kennen, learn (=teach), leuen, muster, ordain,
     promise, prove, reden, say, show, teach, tell, tholien, unnen, 
     wissen, yield
This class also includes monotransitives accompanied by an ``affected'' NP (benefactives, etc., which are usually translated by a modE prepositional phrase with FOR).
( (IP-IMP-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
              (, ,)
              (NP-VOC (ADJP (ADJ jantyll) (CONJ and) (ADJ curtayse))
                      (N knyght))
              (, ,)
              (VBI geff)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))
              (ADVP (ADV agayne))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,47.1556)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (HVP have)
              (VBN shewed)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO you))
              (NP-OB1 (N unkyndnesse)))
      (ID CMMALORY,48.1574)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (TO to)
              (VB for+gyue)
              (NP-OB2 (D a) (ADJ synful) (N man))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (NS synnes)))
      (ID CMAELR3,43.513)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD graunted)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (NP-OB1 (NPR Constantyn)
                  (NP-PRN (PRO$ his) (N bro+ter)))
          (, ,)
          (IP-INF-PRP (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
                      (FOR+TO for-to)
                      (VB helpe)
                      (, ,)
                      (PP (P with)
                          (NP (N Poer)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (N folk))))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,46.1381)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (D Thys) (N swerde)
                      (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
				  (C that)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
					      (BEP am)
					      (VAN gurte)
					      (PP (P withall)
						  (NP *T*-1)))))
              (DOP doth)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorow)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NX (N comberaunce))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,45.1496)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
          (VBD asked)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (NP-OB1 (D a) (N gyffte)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (VBD promysed)
                                  (NP-OB2 (PRO her))
                                  (PP (P whan)
                                      (CP-ADV (C 0)
                                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
                                                      (VBD gaff)
                                                      (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
                                                      (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,48.1592)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD made)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO them))           <--- benefactive
          (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N chere))
          (ADVP (ADV out)
                (PP (P of)
                    (NP (N mesure)))))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.13)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (CONJ And)
              (ADVP (ADV so))
              (NP-SBJ (D thys) (NPR lady) (NPR Lyle)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR Avylion))))
              (VBD toke)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO hir))
              (NP-OB1 (D this) (N swerde)
                      (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
				  (C that)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
					      (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
					      (VBD brought)
					      (PP (P with)
						  (NP (PRO hir))))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,50.1670)) 

When a ditransitive verb appears with only an NP object that object is still labelled NP-OB2.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
              (MD shall)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VB telle)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO you))        <--- NP-OB2 only
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N damesell)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,45.1495)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV Now))
              (MD shall)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VB sey)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO you))        <--- NP-OB2 only
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Merlion)))
              (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,50.1660)) 

NP-OB1 + CLAUSE

NP-OB1+CLAUSE with non-ditransitives

In non-ditransitives (i.e., verbs which do not occur with two NP objects) the NP object in cases with an NP and a clause is labelled NP-OB1.
( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ and)
              (VBI suffir)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO me))
              (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
			  (DO do)
			  (NP-OB2 (PRO you))
			  (NP-OB1 (NS thankynges)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,662.4679)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ And)
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV now))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP requyre)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO you))
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ your) (N knyghthode)))
              (IP-INF-SPE (VB helpe)
			  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ my) (N brother)
				  (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
					      (C that)
					      (IP-SUB-SPE (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
								      (BEP is)
								      (ADVP (ADV sore))
								      (VAN wounded))
							  (CONJP (CONJ and)
								 (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
									     (ADVP-TMP (ADV never))
									     (VBP styntyth)
									     (IP-PPL-SPE (VAG bledyn
											      g))))))))
              (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,202.3244)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (PP (PP (P in)
                      (NP (D this) (N necessitee)))
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (PP (P in)
                             (NP (D this) (N nede)))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
              (VBP caste)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO yow))
              (IP-INF (TO to)
                      (VB overcome)
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO$ youre) (N herte))))
      (ID CMCTMELI,239.C1.847)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV thanne))
          (NP-SBJ (ADJ hooly) (NPR chirche))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (N juggement)))
          (VBP destreyneth)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
          (IP-INF (FOR for) (TO to)
                  (DO do)
                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ open) (N penaunce)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTPARS,289.C1.40)) 

NP-OB1+CLAUSE in complex predicates

The noun member of a complex predicate is labelled NP-OB1. In these cases the accompanying clause is not treated as a complement of the noun, but rather of the complex verb+noun predicate as a whole. All cases of HAVE + NP which have a verbal equivalent (HAVE FEAR = FEAR, HAVE KNOWLEDGE = KNOW, HAVE MARVEL = MARVEL, etc.) are treated as complex predicates. Some other common complex predicates are:
        take/nim heed/keep/tent/yeme, give example, bear witness, 
        have/give leave/heed, do pain, send word, take counsel, 
        make countenance, make (no) semblant, set case,
        do (no) force, lay (one's) force, make fiaunce, make (no) mention,
        have (no) joy, give (one's) heart/intent, set (one's) desire/thought,
        stir/kindle/set/take/bow/turn (one's) heart, have (great) comfort, 
        have good will, have s.o. to witness

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (HVD had)
          (NP-OB1 (N mervayle))
          (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV whye))
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                          (BED was)
                          (ADVP (ADV so))
                          (VAN abaysshed)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,655.4467)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ uor)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO hi))
          (HVP habbe+t)
          (NP-OB1 (N drede))
          (CP-THT (C +tet)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
                          (, /)
                          (NP-OB1 (PRO ham))
                          (MD wyle)
                          (VB fayly)))
          (E_S /))
  (ID CMAYENBI,32.520))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P after)
              (NP (N mete)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD toke)
          (NP-OB1 (N conseil))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (NS kyngus) (, ,) (NS Erles) (CONJ and) (NS Barons)))
          (, ,)
          (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WD what) (N ansuere))
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
                          (MD my+gt)
                          (VB +geue)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (D +te) (NS messagers)))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMBRUT3,82.2487))
 
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (PRO$ his) (N hand)))
          (VBD made)
          (NP-OB1 (N contenaunce))
          (CP-THT (C that)
                  (IP-SUB (IP-SUB-1 (NP-SBJ (MAN men))
                                    (MD sholde)
                                    (VB holden)
                                    (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hem))
                                            (ADJP (ADJ stille))))
                          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                 (IP-SUB=1 (VB yeven)
                                           (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
                                           (NP-OB1 (N audience))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTMELI,219.C1.85)) 

NP-OB1+CLAUSE with Class I ditransitives

When ditransitives take an animate NP and a clause, rather than two NPs, the label of the animate NP remains the same as in the two NP object case. This preserves the parallelism between these cases and the two NP cases. Thus with Class I ditransitives the NP object appearing with a clause is labelled NP-OB1.
( (IP-MAT (NEG ne)
          (MD mihten)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO hie))
          (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
          (VB benemen)
          (IP-INF (NP-OB1 (ONE anne) (N +touht))
                  (TO to)
                  (VB +tenken)
                  (PP (P buten)
                      (PP (P alswa)
                          (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                                  (C 0)
                                  (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                          (VBD walde))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMVICES1,143.1774)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
              (VBP munege+d)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO us))
              (IP-INF (TO to)
                      (VB wakien)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.115.1451)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD munegede)
          (NP-OB1 (Q alle)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tet)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (BED weren))))
          (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (ADVP (ADV stronge))
                  (VB fechte))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMLAMB1,151.395)) 

NP-OB2 + CLAUSE

NP-OB2+CLAUSE with Class II ditransitives

When ditransitives take an animate NP and a clause, rather than two NPs, the label of the animate NP remains the same as in the two NP object case. This preserves the parallelism between these cases and the two NP cases. Thus with Class II ditransitives the NP object appearing with a clause is labelled NP-OB2.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (D a) (N man))
              (VBD tolde)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (D the) (N Castell)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR Four) (NPR Stonys)))))
              (CP-THT-SPE (C that)
			  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
				      (BED were)
				      (VAN delyverde)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,52.1738)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD preyde)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hir))
          (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (VB prey)
                  (PP (P for)
                      (NP (D a) (N woman)
                          (CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO whech))
                                  (C 0)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                          (VBD lay)
                                          (PP (P in)
                                              (NP (N poynt)
                                                  (PP (P of)
                                                      (NP (N deth))))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMKEMPE,53.1202)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
          (VBD asked)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO them))
          (CP-QUE (WPP-1 (P frome)
                         (WADVP (WADV whens)))
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                          (VBD com)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,16.480)) 

( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ and)
              (VBI telle)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO hem))
              (CP-QUE-SPE (WADVP-1 (WADV how))
			  (C 0)
			  (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP *T*-1)
				      (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
				      (HVP have)
				      (VBN spedde)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,49.1638)) 

Dative of possession (NP-DPS)

See Section DATIVE OF POSSESSION IN SPEC CP.

Measure Phrase (NP-MSR)

Measure phrases occur as sentential constituents and also modify other constituents. Only nominal measure phrases are indicated as such. Prepositional phrases of measure (FOR THREE DAYS, DURING THE NIGHT, etc.) are not indicated, following our policy of not specifying the function of PPs.

Measure phrases of time

Measure phrases of time denote duration.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (MD maye)
              (VB ryde)
              (NP-MSR (Q all) (N nyghte))
              (PP (P unto)
                  (NP (PRO$ oure) (ADJ owne) (N castell))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.18)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-MSR (ADJ+N longtyme))
              (NP-SBJ (NPR Brut))
              (VBD dwellyd)
              (PP (P with)
                  (NP (D +te) (N kyng))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,6.138)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (PRO he))
                      (CONJP (CONJ &)
                             (NP (PRO$ his) (NS men))))
              (HVD had)
              (VBN sayled)
              (NP-MSR (NP (NUM xx) (NS dayes))
                      (CONJP (CONJ &)
                             (NP (QR more)))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,8.205)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
              (MD schule)
              (BE beon)
              (NP-OB1 (NS$ feondes) (N fode))
              (NP-MSR (N world) 
                      (PP (P buten)
                          (NP (N ende))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.160.2195)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
              (HVD hefde)
              (VBN (VBN21 of) (VBN22 erned))
              (NP-OB1 (D +te) (NS pinen)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR helle))))
              (NP-MSR (N world)
                      (ADVP-TMP (ADV aa))
                      (PP (P buten)
                          (NP (N ende)))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.139.1864)) 

They may also modify points in time.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (HVD had)
          (VBN sought)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hir))
          (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NUM three) (N yere))
                    (ADV before))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,49.1610)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP (ADV So))
              (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NEG nat) (ADJ longe))
                        (ADV afftir))
              (NP-SBJ (NPR Joseph))
              (BED was)
              (VAN leyde)
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (PRO$ hys) (ADJ dedly) (N bedde)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,641.3988)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD com)
          (ADVP-DIR (ADV +tider))
          (PP (NP-MSR (NUM +dre) (NS degas))
              (P +ar)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D se) (N +arcebiscop)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (NPR Cantwarabyrig))))
                              (VBD come))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMPETERB,44.75)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tis))
          (BED was)
          (PP (P after)
              (NP (D +te) (NPR Incar-nacion)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (NPR Ihesu) (NPR Crist))))
              (NP-MSR (NUMP (NUM .ij) (NUM C.) (NUM iiij.) (NUM vj))
                      (N +gere)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBRUT3,45.1347)) 

Measure phrases of distance

Measure phrases of distance modify verbs of motion.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (BED was)
              (VAN passed)
              (NP-OB1 (NUM 9)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (D the) (N clokke))))
              (NP-MSR (D the) (N space)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NUM 10)
                              (NS degrees)))))
      (ID CMASTRO,670.C2.246)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV So))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR Balyn))
          (VBD rode)
          (NP-MSR (QR more)
                  (PP (P than)
                      (NP (D a) (N pace)))))
  (ID CMMALORY,60.1998)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P $At)
              (NP (D $te) (CODE {TEXT:atte}) (ADJ last)))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR Balan)
                  (, ,)
                  (NP-PRN (D the) (ADJR yonger) (N broder)))
          (, ,)
          (VBD withdrewe)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
          (NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ lytel)))
  (ID CMMALORY,68.2327)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-DIR (ADV+WARD +tiderwarde))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD went)
          (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR as) (Q miche))
                  (PP (P as)
                      (CP-CMP (WNP-1 0)
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                      (MD my+gt)
                                      (VB *)))))
          (E_S .))(ID CMBRUT3,62.1869))

They may also modify a location or direction.

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD smote)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
          (PP (P behynde)
              (NP (NP-POS (PRO$ his) (N$ horse))
                  (N ars))
              (NP-MSR (D a) (N+N spere-lengthe)))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,181.2438)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (HVD hefde)
              (VBN ilad)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO $heom))
              (PP (NP-MSR (ADJ feor))
                  (P i)
                  (NP (D +te) (CODE {TEXT:i+te}) (N wildernesse))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.163.2242)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (MD wille)
              (NEG not)
              (BE be)
              (ADVP-LOC (NP-MSR (ADJ long))
                        (ADV behynde))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.62)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (D the) (N castel)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR Tyntygaill))))
              (BEP is)
              (ADVP-LOC (NP-MSR (FP but) (NUM ten) (N myle))
                        (ADV hens))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,4.86)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (N helme))
              (VBD smote)
              (PP (P into)
                  (NP (D the) (N erthe))
                  (NP-MSR (NP (D a) (N foote))
                          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                 (NP (QR more)))))
              (, ,)
              (CP-ADV (C that)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP (ADV nyghe))
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (N nek))
                              (BED was)
                              (VAN broke))))
      (ID CMMALORY,188.2720)) 

FROM... TO

FROM... TO sequences marking extent of time and space are treated as NP-MSR phrases.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
          (VBD durede)
          (NP-MSR (PP (P fro)
                      (NP (D +te) (N morne)))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (P til)
                      (CP-ADV (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                                      (BED was)
                                      (NP-OB1 (NUM xj)
                                              (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (D +te) (N Clokke)))
                                              (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (D +te) (N day))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBRUT3,228.4118)) 

( (IP-IMP (NP-MSR (PP (P From)
                      (NP (PRO$ ouwer) (N compelin)))
                  (PP (P o+det)
                      (CP-ADV (C 0) 
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Preciosa))
                                      (BEP beo)
                                      (VAN iseid)))))
          (, ,)
          (VBI halde+d)
          (NP-OB1 (N silence))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMANCRIW,I.60.180))

( (IP-MAT (PP (P whan)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                              (BEP is)
                              (NP-TMP (NUM ones))
                              (VAN conceyved)
                              (PP (P in)
                                  (NP (D the) (NS hertes)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (Q som) (NS men))))))))
          (, ,)
          (ADVP (ADV certein))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
          (MD wol)
          (VB lasten)
          (ADVP (ADV peraventure))
          (NP-MSR (NP (PP (P from)
                          (NP (ONE oon) (NPR Estre) (NPR day)))
                      (PP (P unto)
                          (NP (D+OTHER another) (NPR Estre) (NPR day))))
                  (, ,)
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (QR moore))))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMCTPARS,305.C2.726))

( (IP-IMP (CONJ Ant) 
          (PP (P ed)
              (LATIN (FW Deus) (, ,) (FW in) (FW adiutorium)))
          (VBI make+d)
          (NP-OB1 (D an) (N cros))
          (NP-MSR (PP (P from)
                      (NP (D +te) (N foreheaued)))
                  (PP (P to)
                      (NP (D +te) (N breoste))))
          (E_S ;)) 
  (ID CMANCRIW,I.58.155))

Measure phrases of degree

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D This) (NPR Vortiger))
          (VBD counceyled)
          (NP-OB1 (D +tis) (NPR Constaunce))
          (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR so) (Q mych)))
          (PP (P tyl)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                      (VBD forsook)
                                      (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N Abyte)))
                              (, ,)
                              (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                                             (VBD went)
                                             (PP (P with)
                                                 (NP (PRO hym))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBRUT3,47.1435)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (NPR Vortiger))
          (VBD honourede)
          (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR so) (Q miche)))
          (NP-OB1 (D +to) (NUM C) (NS kny+gtes)))
  (ID CMBRUT3,48.1445)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD +tankede)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO ham))
          (NP-MSR (Q miche))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (PRO$ here) (ADJ gode) (N seruise)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBRUT3,77.2348)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ But)
          (PP (P whan)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
                              (VBD herde)
                              (NP-OB1 (D thys)))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD repented)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
          (NP-MSR (Q much)))
  (ID CMMALORY,629.3613)) 

Locative NP (NP-LOC)

Bare NPs denoting location are labelled NP-LOC. These are quite rare, the most common being "home".
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q alle) (D +te) (N pepil))
              (BED was)
              (NP-LOC (N hom)))
      (ID CMKEMPE,84.1886)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (TO to)
              (HV haue)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hir))
              (NP-LOC (N hom)))
      (ID CMKEMPE,225.3647)) 

Temporal NP (NP-TMP)

Points in time

NPs denoting points in time (THAT DAY, TUESDAY, YESTERDAY, etc.) are labelled NP-TMP.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-TMP (D the) (ADJ first) (N nyght)
                      (CP-REL (WADVP-1 0)
                              (C that)
                              (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                                      (MD shal)
                                      (VB lye)
                                      (PP (P by)
                                          (NP (NPR Igrayne))))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
              (MD shal)
              (VB gete)
              (NP-OB1 (D a) (N child))
              (PP (P on)
                  (NP (PRO her))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.74)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-TMP (D This) (N nyght))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
              (MD shalle)
              (VB lye)
              (PP (P with)
                  (NP (NPR Igrayne)))
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (D the) (N castel)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR Tyntigayll)))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,4.78)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-2 (NP-VOC (ADJ Good) (NS men)
                        (CONJP (CONJ and)
                               (NX (NS woymen))))
                (, ,)
                (NP-OB1 (SUCH such) (D a) (N day))
                (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
                (MD schull)
                (HV haue)
                (NP-TMP (NPR Seynt) (NPR+NPR Thomas-day)
                        (PP (P of)
                            (NP (NPR Ynde)))
                        (, ,)
                        (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                (C +tat)
                                (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                        (BED was)
                                        (NP-OB1 (NPR$ Crystys) (ADJ holy) (N apostull))))))
      (ID CMMIRK,18.525)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (NP-TMP (NPR Sunnedei))
                (MD ah)
                (NP-SBJ (Q efri) (ADJ cristenne) (N .Mon.))
                (ADVP (ADV nomeliche))
                (PP (P to)
                    (NP (N chirche)))
                (VB cume))
      (ID CMLAMB1,139.242)) 

Frequency

NPs denoting frequency (EVERY DAY, TUESDAYS, etc.) are labelled NP-TMP
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV alwey))
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (NUM ten) (NS knyghtes))
          (BED were)
          (VAN ordeyned)
          (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (VB watche)
                  (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd)))
          (NP-TMP (N day) (CONJ and) (N nyght))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,10.287)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB-2 (NP-SBJ (D a) (N man))
                (MD my+gte)
                (NP-TMP (NUM four) (NS si+tes))
                (VB foresake)
                (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wif)))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,25.184)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-3 (NP-SBJ-2 (D +Te) (N dey)
                          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                  (C +tat)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +tis))
                                          (BED was)
                                          (DAN i-doo)
                                          (PP (P ynne)
                                              (NP *T*-1)))))
                (BEP is)
                (NP-TMP (Q every) (N +gere))
                (VAN i-made)
                (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-2)
                        (ADJP (ADJ solempne) (CONJ and) (ADJ holy))))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,37.246)) 

( (IP-IMP (VBI Voryet)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ +ti) (N body))
          (, /)
          (NP-TMP (NP-MSR (NUM ones))
                  (D a) (N day))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAYENBI,73.1406)) 

Directional NP (NP-DIR)

A bare NP with a verb of motion indicating a direction (to or from) is labelled NP-DIR.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (VBD cam)
              (NP-DIR (N home)))
      (ID CMMALORY,8.219)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD rode)
          (NP-DIR (PRO$ his) (N way))
          (PP (P untyll)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                      (VBD came)
                                      (PP (P to)
                                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N broder)
                                              (NP-PRN (NPR sir) (NPR Kay)))))
                              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                                             (VBD delyverd)
                                             (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
                                             (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd)))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,8.231)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P thorow)
              (NP (D the) (N wytte)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (NPR Merlion)))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD ledde)
          (NP-OB1 (D the) (N oste))
          (NP-DIR (N+WARD northwarde))
          (NP-ADT (D the) (ADJS pryveyst) (N wey)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (MD coude)
                                  (BE be)
                                  (VAN thought))))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P unto)
              (NP (D the) (N foreste)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (NPR Bedgrayne)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,18.571)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-VOC (NPR Lauerd))
              (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                          (VBP sei+d))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO$ min) (N heorte))
              (BEP is)
              (VBN icomen)
              (NP-DIR (PRO me))
              (ADVP (ADV eft))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.39.347)) 

Non-argument Reflexive (NP-RFL)

Reflexives that act as arguments (SHE GAVE HERSELF A PRESENT) are labeled according to function. Only the reflexive pronoun with inherently reflexive verbs is labelled NP-RFL.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P whan)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBD sawe)
                              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ their) (N countenaunce)))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD dredde)
          (NP-RFL (PRO hym))
          (ADVP (ADV sore))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,203.3270)) 

( (IP-IMP-SPE (CONJ And)
              (PP (ADV+P therfor))
              (VBI desmay)
              (NP-RFL (PRO you))
              (NEG not)
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,5.132)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP assente)
              (NP-RFL (PRO me))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Arthure)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,39.1283)) 

A reflexive of the form PRO + SELF in apposition to an argument is treated like other cases of apposition; see Section APPOSITIVES AND PARENTHETICALS.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Tis) (N child) 
                  (NP-PRN (PRO him) (N self))) 
          (PP (P on)
              (NP (PRO$ his) (N+N liflode))) 
          (HVD hadde) 
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (ADJ agen) (N michelnesse)) 
          (PP (P on)
              (NP (NUM +tre) (NS wise))) 
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMTRINIT,137.1847))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (PP (P If)
                  (CP-ADV-SPE (C 0)
			      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (D thys))
					  (BEP be)
					  (ADJP (ADJ sothe))))) 
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I)
                      (NP-PRN *ICH*-1)) 
              (MD woll) 
              (VB assay) 
              (NP-PRN-1 (PRO$+N myselffe)) 
              (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
			  (VB draw) 
			  (RP oute)
			  (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde)))
              (, ,) 
              (IP-PPL-SPE (NEG nat) 
			  (VAG presumynge) 
			  (NP-PRN (PRO$+N myselff)) 
			  (CP-THT-SPE (C that)
				      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
						  (BEP am)
						  (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJS beste) (N knyght)))))
              (E_S ;)) 
  (ID CMMALORY,45.1505))

Left-dislocated NP (NP-LFD)

Left-dislocated NPs are normally associated with a resumptive pronoun or NP in the body of the clause, which carries the extended tag -RSP. The two are not co-indexed in this case since there is never more than one dislocated/resumptive NP pair in any clause. For left-dislocation of non-nominals, see Section NON-NOMINAL LEFT-DISLOCATION.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-LFD (NPR Bleobris)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (BED was)
                                  (NP-OB1 (N+N godson))
                                  (PP (P unto)
                                      (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors))))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
          (VBD bare)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (ADJ chyeff) (N standard))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,25.771)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (D +te) (N tilunge)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (N richtwisnesse))))
          (, ;)
          (NP-SBJ-RSP (D +tt))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (N silence))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.63.663)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-LFD (D the) (ADJ comoun) (N peple)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (MD wolde)
                                  (VB putte)
                                  (NP-OB1 (NP (PRO$ here) (NS bodyes))
                                          (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                                 (NP (PRO$ here) (N catell))))
                                  (IP-INF-PRP (FOR for) (TO to)
                                              (VB conquere)
                                              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ oure) (N heritage))))))
          (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO +tei))
          (MD may)
          (NEG not)
          (DO don)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
          (PP (P withouten)
              (NP (D the) (NS lordes)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMANDEV,3.30)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-LFD (CP-FRL-SPE (WNP-1 (WPRO who))
				  (C that)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
					      (VBP holdeth)
					      (PP (P ageynst)
						  (NP (PRO it))))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (MD wille)
              (VB slee)
              (NP-OB1-RSP (PRO hym))
              (E_S .)
              (' ')) 
  (ID CMMALORY,11.306))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ For)
          (NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV hwase))
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (VBP wit)
                                  (NP-OB1 (D +teose))
                                  (ADVP (ADV wel)))))
          (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
          (DOP de+d)
          (NP-OB1 (NPR$ salomones) (N heste)))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.39.336)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N mu+d))
                                  (NEG ne)
                                  (MD mei)
                                  (VB *)
                                  (PP (P for)
                                      (NP (N scheome))))))
          (, .)
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ licht) (N ech+ge))
          (VBP speke+d)
          (NP-OB1-RSP (PRO hit)))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.49.459)) 

Since only phrases are marked as resumptive, and not words, the -RSP label may be attached to the constituent that contains the actual resumptive element within it, rather than to the resumptive element itself. One exception to this is in the cases of verbs fronted in free relative clauses (see Section THE SPEC CP POSITION).
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-LFD (PRO he)
                      (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
				  (C that)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
					      (HVP hath)
					      (VBN slayne)
					      (NP-OB1 (PRO hym)))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP know)
              (NEG nat)
              (NP-OB1-RSP (PRO$ his) (N name)) <--- resumptive element HIS
              (E_S .)                                
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,202.3238)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (NP-OB1 (SUCH swich) (N ful+de))
                                  (VBP spit)
                                  (RP ut)
                                  (PP (P in)
                                      (NP (NP-POS (Q ani) (N$ ancre))
                                          (NS earen))))))
          (, .)
          (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
          (MD schulde)
          (VB dutten)
          (NP-OB1-RSP (PRO$ his) (N mu+d)) <--- resumptive element HIS
          (, .)
          (PP (PP (NEG naut)
                  (P mid)
                  (NP (ADJ scharpe) (NS sneates)))
              (CONJP (CONJ ach)
                     (PP (P mid)
                         (NP (ADJ harde) (NS fustes)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.66.707)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-LFD (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (DOD dude)
                                  (NP-OB2 (NPR iob)))))
          (, .)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD nom)
          (NP-OB1 (N leaue))
          (PP-RSP (ADV+P +terof)) <--- resumptive element THERE
          (PP (P ed)
              (NP (PRO$ ure) (NPR lauerd)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.170.2357)) 

Left-dislocation in CPs

Generally left-dislocation is found in matrix clauses but there are examples of this construction in CPs, both WH- and NON-WH-. In NON-WH- clauses these often occur in CP-RECURSION contexts. See also Sections CP RECURSION and THE SPEC CP POSITION.
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Ofte))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
          (NP-1 (PRO hit))
          (VBP yze+t)
          (IP-INF (NP-SBJ-2 *ICH*-1)
                  (VB come))
          (, /)
          (CP-THT-2 (C +tet)    <--- CP recursion
                    (CP-THT (NP-LFD (D +te) (ADJ ilke)
                                    (CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
                                            (C +tet)
                                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                                                    (NEG ne)
                                                    (MD dar)
                                                    (VB (VB ansuerye) (, /) (CONJ ne) (VB chide)))))
                            (, .)
                            (C +tet)
                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
                                    (VBP begin+t)
                                    (IP-INF (TO to)
                                            (VB (VB grochi)
                                                (CONJP *ICH*-4))
                                            (PP (P betuene)
                                                (NP (PRO$ his) (NS te+t)))
                                            (, .)
                                            (CONJP-4 (CONJ and) 
                                                     (VB grunny))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAYENBI,67.1254)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR sain) (NPR paul))
          (VBP sais)
          (CP-THT (C +tat)
                  (CP-THT (NP-LFD (PRO +tai)
                                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                          (C +tat)
                                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                                  (DOP dos)
                                                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ wicke) (NS dedis)))))
                          (, ,)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO tay))
                                  (VBP giue)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO+N +tam-selffe))
                                  (PP (P til)
                                      (NP (D +te)
                                          (NPR deuil))))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBENRUL,21.735)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ Ac)
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV naure))
              (NEG ne)
              (VBD +gesei+ge)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (CP-THT-SPE (NP-LFD (N manne)
				  (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-1 0)
					      (C +tat)
					      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
							  (HVD hadde)
							  (NP-OB1 (D +tese) (ADJ hali) (N mihte))
							  (PP (P mid)
							      (NP (PRO him))))))
			  (, ,)
			  (C +tat)
			  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
				      (ADVP-TMP (ADV aure))
				      (VBD misferde)))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMVICES1,149.1872)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO hie))
              (VBP make+d)
              (CP-THT (NP-LFD (D +danne) (N man)
                              (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                      (C +de)
                                      (IP-SUB (NP-OB2 *T*-1)
                                              (NP-SBJ (NPR godd))
                                              (NP-OB1 (PRO his))
                                              (VBD to-sant))))
                      (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
                              (VBP +turwune+d)
                              (PP (P on)
                                  (NP (PRO$ his) (N godnesse))))))
      (ID CMVICES1,149.1875)) 

( (CP-QUE (NP-LFD (PRO +Tu)             <--- in WH- CP
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (HVP hast)
                                  (NP-OB1 (Q al))
                                  (VBN forsake))))
          (, ,)
          (WPP-2 (WADV+P wher-of))
          (IP-SUB (PP *T*-2)
                  (MD schuldest)
                  (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO +tu))
                  (VB +gyue)
                  (NP-OB1 (N almesse)))
          (E_S ?))
  (ID CMAELR3,38.343)) 

( (CP-QUE (NP-LFD (D +tes) (N messager))
          (WNP-1 (WPRO hwat))
          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                  (VBP telle+d)
                  (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO he))
                  (NP-OB2 (PRO ow)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.144.1935)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (PRO us))
              (VB considere)
              (ALSO also)
              (CP-QUE (C if)
                      (CP-QUE (NP-LFD (D the) (N conseillung)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (PRO hem)
                                              (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                                      (C that)
                                                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                                              (VBD conseilleden)
                                                              (NP-OB2 (PRO yow))
                                                              (IP-INF (TO to)
                                                                      (VB taken)
                                                                      (NP-OB1 (ADJ sodeyn) (N vengeaunce))))))))
                              (, ,)
                              (WQ wheither)
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO it))
                                      (VBP accorde)
                                      (PP (P to)
                                          (NP (N resoun)))))))
      (ID CMCTMELI,228.C2.447)) 

For resumptive verb forms in CPs, see Section THE SPEC CP POSITION.

NP Adverb (NP-ADV)

NPs acting adverbially are labelled NP-ADV. The list of NP adverbs is quite restricted and includes the following:

Adverbial free relative clauses

Free relatives of the sort WHATEVER HAPPENS, and COME WHAT MAY, are labelled NP-ADV. See also Section FREE RELATIVE CLAUSES.
( (IP-MAT (VAN Iblessyd)
          (BEP is)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat) (N man))
          (, ,)
          (NP-ADV (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO what) (ADV euere))
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (BEP bee))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,45.587)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (PP (P Be)
                  (NP (PRO$ my) (N fayth)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N knyght)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-ADV (CP-FRL-SPE (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV+ADV whatsomever))
				  (C 0)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
					      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
					      (BEP be))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BEP ys)
              (ADJP (ADJ un-happy))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,654.4421)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
              (MD may)
              (NP-TMP (Q na) (N tyme))
              (VB forgete)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
              (, ,)
              (NP-ADV (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO what) (ADV sa))
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
                                      (DOP (DOP dose)
                                           (CONJP (CONJ or)
                                                  (VBP says)))))))
      (ID CMROLLEP,105.683)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (D +tt))
              (VBP stont)
              (ADVP (ADV studeuest))
              (NP-ADV (CP-FRL-SPE (VBP-LFD falle)
				  (WNP-1 0)
				  (C +tt)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
					      (VBP-RSP falle))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMJULIA,124.520)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (BEP am)
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
              (PP (P wi+d)
                  (NP (PRO +te)))
              (, .)
              (NP-ADV (CP-FRL-SPE (DOP-LFD do)
				  (WNP-1 0)
				  (C +tt)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
					      (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
					      (DOP-RSP do)
					      (NP-OB2 (PRO +te)))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMKATHE,42.376)) 

Phrases like EACH IN HIS OWN WAY

Note the internal structure of these NPs, in which the PP is not bracketed as a complement of the noun.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO heo))
              (HVP habbe+d)
              (Q alle)
              (CODE )
              (ADVP (ADV togederes))
              (NP-OB1 (NP (ONE an) (N luue))
                      (CONJP (CONJ ant)
                             (NP (ONE an) (N wil))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-ADV (NP (Q vhc) (ONE an))
                      (PP (P as)
                          (NP (OTHER o+der)))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.50.96)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD made)
          (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N joy))
          (NP-ADV (NP (Q eche))
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (OTHER othir))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,16.483)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
              (BEP ben)
              (ADJP (ADJ divers))
              (NP-ADV (NP (D that) (ONE on))
                      (PP (P fro)
                          (NP (D that) (OTHER othir)))))
      (ID CMBOETH,434.C2.246)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
          (VBD sware)
          (NP-ADV (NP (Q every) (N knyght))
                  (PP (P uppon)
                      (NP (PRO$ his) (N swerde))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,198.3046)) 

Phrases like HAND AND FOOT, BODY AND SOUL, etc.

(NODE (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (VB binden)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO me))
              (, ,)
              (NP-ADV (Q ba+de) (NS handen) (CONJ and) (NS fiet)))
      (ID CMVICES1,17.203)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD bounde)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
          (NP-ADV (NS Hondes) (CONJ and) (NS feete))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,39.1192)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (ADJP-SPR (ADJ cwic))
              (BEP beo)
              (VAN forbearnd)
              (NP-ADV (CONJ ba+de) (N lim) (CONJ &) (N li+d))
              (PP (P $i)
                  (NP (VAG $leitinde) (CODE {TEXT:ileitinde}) (N leie))))
      (ID CMJULIA,99.63)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (ADVP (Q al))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO ham))
              (BEP is)
              (VAN to-limet)
              (NP-ADV (N li+d) (CONJ ba) (, .) (CONJ &) (N lire)))
      (ID CMHALI,142.221)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO us))
              (VBP sende+d)
              (, .)
              (PP (P into)
                  (NP (NPR helle)))
              (NP-ADV (N saule) (, .) (CONJ and) (N lichame))
              (IP-INF (TO to)
                      (VB wuniende)
                      (PP (P on)
                          (NP (ADJ eche) (N fur)))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,61.845)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD smote)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
          (RP downe)
          (NP-ADV (N horse) (CONJ and) (N man))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,22.670)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (ADV+P there-with))
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N castell))
          (VBD brake)
          (NP-ADV (N roffe) (CONJ and) (NS wallis)))
  (ID CMMALORY,64.2158)) 

THE LONGER THE WORSE, EVER LONGER THE MORE

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV +ter))
          (VBP waxe+d)
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N wa))
          (, .)
          (NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR+ADJR selengere)))
                  (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADVR wurse)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.77.908)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (TO to)
              (VB (VB crie) (CONJ and) (VB wepen))
              (NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADV evere) (ADJR lenger))
                      (NP-MSR (D the) (QR moore))))
      (ID CMCTMELI,217.C1b.11)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBP forte+d)
          (NP-OB1 (D +tat) (N child))
          (, ;)
          (NP-ADV (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR swo) (ADJ leng)))
                  (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR swo) (QR more))))
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (PRO$ here) (N wille)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMTRINIT,87.1180)) 

HIM ANE, etc.

This means more or less BY ONESELF. See also Section ONE AS A FOCUS PARTICLE.
(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ (MAN Me))
                (MD schal)
                (VB siten)
                (NP-ADV (PRO him) (FP ane)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.123.1576)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ eadi) (NPR iohan))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (ADJ anli) (N stude)
                  (CP-REL (WADVP-1 0)
                          (C as)
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (BED wes)))))
          (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (D +teos) (NUM +treo) (NS Meden))
          (VBD (VBD21 of) (VBD22 ernede))
          (NP-ADV (PRO him) (FP ane))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.125.1615)) 

FACE TO FACE

( (IP-MAT (CONJ Vor)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV +tanne))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
          (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
          (MD ssolle)
          (VB yzy)
          (NP-ADV (N face)
                  (PP (P to)
                      (NP (N face))))
          (ADVP (ADV clyerlyche))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAYENBI,88.1717)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
              (VBP seo+d)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
              (PP (P as)
                  (CP-ADV-SPE (WADVP-1 0)
			      (C 0)
			      (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP *T*-1)
					  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
					  (BEP is))))
              (, .)
              (NP-ADV (N nebbe)
                      (PP (P to)
                          (NP (N nebbe))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMSAWLES,182.242)) 

Adverbial genitives

Original adverbial genitives are labelled NP-ADV. Some such as WILLES always appear with the genitive -S, but others (NEDE(S), ALGATE(S), etc.) vary. Note that genitive is not marked on the part-of-speech tag for the noun in this case since genitive case is only marked on nouns in relationship with other nouns (see Section POSSESSIVES AND GENITIVES).

WILLES, WILLES AND WALDES

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO heo))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
              (VBP $breke+d)
              (NP-ADV (N willes)))        <--- willingly
              (ID CMANCRIW,I.46.55)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO tu))
          (NP-ADV (Q al) (N willes))
          (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV scheomeliche))
          (VBP tukest)
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMHALI,154.386)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
              (NP-ADV (N willes) (CONJ &) (N waldes))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (VBD beach)
              (PP (P to)
                  (NP (D +te) (N deouel)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.224.3249)) 

Phrases headed by (UN)+TONC(ES)

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
          (NP-SBJ (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (CODE )
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (DOD dude)
                                  (NP-OB2 (PRO hire)))))
          (BED wes)
          (PP (P $in)
              (NP (D $+te) (CODE {TEXT:in+te}) (N frum+de)))
          (ADVP (ADV sare))
          (NP-ADV (PRO$ hire) (N vn+tonkes)) <--- against her will
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.46.424)) 

( (IP-IMP (PP (P Gif)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                              (VBP agultest)
                              (PP (P wi+d)
                                  (NP (PRO$ +tine) (ADJ+N efen-nexta)))
                              (NP-ADV (N un+donkes))))) <--- unwillingly 
          (, ;)
          (VBI bet)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
          (NP-ADV (PRO$ +tin) (N +tonkes)) <--- willingly
          (ADVP (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV hu) (ADV se))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                                (MD miht)
                                (VB *)
                                (PP (P wi+d)
                                    (NP (PRO him))))))
          (PP (P+D for-+ton)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ic))
                              (VBP wat)
                              (ADVP (ADV+ADV fulwel))
                              (CP-THT (C +tet)
                                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                                              (MD miht)
                                              (VB agultan)
                                              (PP (P wi+d)
                                                  (NP (PRO$ +tine) (ADJ euen) (N nexta))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMLAMBX1,17.211))

( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (PRO$ His) (ADJ ah+genes) (N +tonkes)) <--- by his own will
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD +trowede)
          (PP (P for)
              (NP (PRO us))))
  (ID CMLAMBX1,121.1195)) 

Phrases headed by WISE

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJ Halie) (ADJ alde) (NS ancres))
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
          (MD ma+ge)
          (DO don)
          (NP-ADV (Q summes) (N weis))        <--- in some way
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.58.574)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD ma+ge)
              (NP-ADV (Q nanes) (N weis))      <--- in no way
              (ADVP (ADV allunge))
              (VB (VB21 wi+d) (VB22 seggen)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.69.764)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
          (NEG ne)
          (MD kan)
          (VB seye)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
          (NP-ADV (Q noon) (OTHER+N oother-wewyes))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (NPR englissh)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMCTPARS,318.C2.1308)) 

Phrases headed by GATE(S)

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-ADV (Q+N algates))
              (NP-SBJ (N necessitee))
              (VBP constreyneth)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
              (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
			  (VB axe))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMCTMELI,233.C1.620)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (Q+N algate))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (MD sholde)
          (BE be)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (N resoun)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTPARS,321.C2.1441)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO sho))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD may)
              (NP-ADV (Q nan) (N gate)) <--- in no way
              (VB breke))
      (ID CMBENRUL,35.1139)) 

NEDE(S)

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Richtwisnesse))
          (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (VBP sai+d))
          (MD mod)
          (BE beon)
          (NP-ADV (N nede))          <--- necessarily 
          (ADJP (ADJ sturne))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.197.2817)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-OB1 (D +Tis) (N charyte))
          (MD most)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
          (NP-ADV (N nyede))
          (HV haue)
          (, ,)
          (IP-PPL (VAG louyngge)
                  (NP-OB1 (NP (NPR God))
                          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                 (NP (PRO$ +tyn) (ADJ+N euene-cristene))))
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (ADJ clene) (N herte)))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (PP (P wit)
                          (NP (ADJ good) (N conscience)))
                      (, ,)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (PP (P wit)
                                 (NP (N fey)
                                     (RRC (NEG not)
                                          (VAN (VAN feyned)
                                               (CONJP (CONJ ne)
                                                      (VAG fayllynge)))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,34.228)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P for)
              (PP (P if)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR heuen) (CONJ and) (NPR erthe))
                                  (BEP ben)
                                  (ADJP (ADJ sory))))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
          (MD must)
          (NP-ADV (N nedes))
          (BE be)
          (ADJP (ADJ sory))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR4,21.632)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-ADV (N nedes))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (MD moste)
              (VB dye))
      (ID CMBRUT3,92.2770)) 

SOMEWHAT, SOMEDEL

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
              (BED wes)
              (NP-ADV (Q+N sumdel))
              (VAN (VAN offruht) (CONJ ant) (VAN offert)))
      (ID CMKATHE,29.161)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (NP-OB1 (D +tis))
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBP sei+d)
                          (NP-SBJ (N warschipe)))
              (NP-ADV (Q+N sumdel))
              (VBP understonde))
      (ID CMSAWLES,182.236)) 

( (IP-IMP (CONJ and)
          (PP (P among)
              (NP (QP (ADVR so) (Q muche))
                  (N ioye)))
          (VBI antermete)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO +te))
          (NP-ADV (Q+WPRO sumwhat))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMAELR3,40.410)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N worde)
                      (NP-PRN (N Gaste)))
              (VBP sownnes)
              (NP-ADV (Q+WPRO sumwhate))
              (PP (P into)
                  (NP (N fellenes))))
      (ID CMEDTHOR,48.744)) 

EAWIHT, NAWIHT, OUGHT, NOUGHT

( (IP-MAT (NEG Ne)
          (MD +terf)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tt) (ADJ seli) (N meiden)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (HVP haue+d)
                                  (ADVP (Q al))
                                  (DON idon)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO hire))
                                  (PP (RP ut) (P of)
                                      (NP (ADJ +tullich) (N +teowdom)))
                                  (PP (P as)
                                      (NP (NP (NPR$ godes) (ADJ freo) (N dohter))
                                          (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                                 (NP (NP-POS (PRO$ his) (N$ sunes))
                                                     (N spuse))))))))
          (, .)
          (VB drehe)
          (NP-ADV (Q+N nawiht))
          (NP-OB1 (SUCH swucches))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMHALI,157.417)) 

(NODE (NP (D $+te) (CODE {TEXT:bi+te}) (N mu+d)
          (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                  (C +tt)
                  (IP (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
                      (NP-ADV (Q+N eawicht))
                      (VBP (VBP21 mis) (VBP22 sei+d))
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO +te)))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.100.1211))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-ADV (Q oghte))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (BEP es)
              (NP-OB1 (QP (ADVR swa) (Q lyttill))
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (ADJP (ADVR swa) (ADJ schorte))))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P for)
                  (NP (OTHER othire) (NS thoghtes)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +tat)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (BEP are)
                                      (PP (P in)
                                          (NP (PRO thaym))))))))
      (ID CMROLLTR,9.249)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ic))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
              (NP-ADV (Q ouht))
              (VBP wite)
              (, ,)
              (PP (P to)
                  (NP (OTHER o+der) (NS +tinge))))
      (ID CMVICES1,53.588)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-OB1 (Q Alle) (PRO$ +tine) (CODE ) (NS +treates))
              (NEG ne)
              (VBP drede)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD q+d)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO ha)))
              (NP-ADV (QP (ADV riht) (Q noht)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMKATHE,47.442)) 

NOTHING

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N water))
              (MD wolde)
              (NP-ADV (Q+N no+ting))    <--- not at all
              (DO done)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N commandement)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,123.3740)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (NPR Harolde))
          (HVD hade)
          (NP-ADV (Q+N no+ting))
          (NP-OB1 (NP (D +te) (NS condicions))
                  (CONJP (CONJ ne)
                         (NP (NS maners)))
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (NPR Kyng) (NPR Knoght)
                          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                  (C +tat)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                          (BED was)
                                          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N fader)))))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,124.3772)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (PP *ICH*-2)
              (NP-SBJ (D the) (N werre))
              (VBP liketh)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO yow))
              (NP-ADV (Q no) (N thyng)))
      (ID CMCTMELI,235.C1.699)) 

NP secondary predicates (NP-SPR)

This category is the nominal equivalent of ADJP-SPR. It includes nominal secondary predicates and bare nominal adjuncts, of the type He died a martyr.
(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ (PRO He))
                (VBD deyed)
                (NP-SPR (D a) (N martyr)))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,50.560)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (VBD cam)
              (CODE )
              (ADVP (ADV ageyn))
              (NP-SPR (N victour)))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,64.956)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (BED was)
          (PP (P wyth)
              (NP (PRO hym)))
          (NP-MSR (NUM xx=ti=) (N +gere))
          (NP-SPR (PRO$ his) (N seruand))
          (E_S ,))
      (ID CMMIRK,94.2533)) 

Vocative (NP-VOC)

Vocatives are labelled NP-VOC.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP (ADV Wel))
              (, ,)
              (NP-VOC (PRO$ my) (N lord))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR syre) (NPR Ulfius)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (MD shal)
              (VB seke)
              (NP-OB1 (NPR Merlyn)))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.46)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-VOC (N Syr))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Merlyn)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP knowe)
              (NP-OB1 (Q al) (PRO$ your) (N hert)
                      (NP-PRN (Q every) (N dele)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.70)) 

Non-argument (adjunct) NP (NP-ADT)

This is something of a catch-all category, which includes the following types:
  1. with the verb THANK or the collocation GIVE/YIELD THANKS, the thing for which thanks is given
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                  (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
                  (VBP +tonkien)
                  (NP-ADT (Q alles) (NS +tinges)))
          (ID CMLAMBX1,39.504)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
              (PP (P +gef)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
                                  (MD mei)
                                  (VB eoten))))
              (, ;)
              (VBP +toncke)
              (NP-ADT (PRO hit))
              (NP-OB2 (NPR god))
              (ADVP (ADV +georne))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.85.1027)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
              (NP-ADT (Q al)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +tet)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
                                      (DOP de+t)
                                      (PP (P to)
                                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N bodye))))))
              (, :)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (VBP yelt)
              (NP-OB1 (NS +tonkes))
              (E_S /))
      (ID CMAYENBI,85.1662)) 
    
    
  2. in corelative comparatives (THE MORE MONEY SHE HAS, THE BETTER THEY LOVE HER)
    ( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
                  (NP-ADT (D +te) (QR mor) (N schame)
                          (CP-CMP-SPE (WNP-1 0)
    				  (C 0)
    				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
    					      (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
    					      (VBP suffyr)))
                          (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                 (NX (N despite))))
                  (, ,)
                  (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR meryar))
                  (MD may)
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                  (BE ben)
                  (PP (P in)
                      (NP (PRO$ owr) (NPR Lord)
                          (NP-PRN (NPR Ihesu) (NPR Crist))))
                  (E_S .)
                  (" "))
      (ID CMKEMPE,135.3157)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-ADT (NP (D the) (ADJR more) (N peyne))
                          (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                 (NP (D the) (QR more) (N tribulacioun)))
                          (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                                  (C +tat)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                          (NP-SBJ (PRO +tei))
                                          (VBP suffren)
                                          (PP (P for)
                                              (NP (N loue)
                                                  (PP (P of)
                                                      (NP (PRO$ here) (N god))))))))
                  (, ,)
                  (NP-OB1 (D the) (CODE ) (QR more) (N ioye))
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO +tei))
                  (MD schull)
                  (HV haue)
                  (PP (P in)
                      (NP (D+OTHER another) (N world))))
          (ID CMMANDEV,117.2854)) 
    
    
  3. fronted NPs which are not associated with a resumptive element in the body of the clause
    
    ( (IP-IMP (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV hwase))
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (IP-SUB-2 (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                                (ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
                                                (VBP missei+d)
                                                (NP-OB2 (OTHER o+der)))
                                      (, .)
                                      (CONJP (CONJ o+der)
                                             (IP-SUB=2 (VB (VB21 mis) (VBP22 de+d))
                                                       (NP-OB2 (PRO +te)))))))
              (VBI nim)
              (NP-OB1 (N +geme)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.140.1872)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                                  (C +te)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                          (NEG ne)
                                          (VBP warne+d)
                                          (NP-OB1 (OTHER o+der))
                                          (PP (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (PRO$ his) (N lure)))
                                              (CONJP (CONJ o+der)
                                                     (PP (P of)
                                                         (NP (PRO$ his) (N bi+gete))))))))
                  (NEG+BEP nis)
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                  (NP-OB1 (NP (N slau+de)
                              (ADJP (ADJ scheomelese)))
                          (CONJP (CONJ o+der)
                                 (NP (ADJ attri) (N onde)))))
          (ID CMANCRIW,II.155.2117)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (NP-ADT (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO+ADV whoso))
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (MD wil)
                                      (VB go)
                                      (PP (P be)
                                          (NP (D+OTHER another) (N weye)))
                                      (PP (P fro)
                                          (NP (NPR Babiloyne))))))
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV +tan))
              (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
              (VBP goth)
              (PP (P be)
                  (NP (D the) (NPR Rede) (NPR see)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                              (C +tat)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
                                      (BEP is)
                                      (NP-OB1 (D an) (N arm)
                                              (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (D the) (N see)
                                                      (NP-PRN (NPR OCCEAN)))))))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMMANDEV,37.933)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (NP-ADT (D +tose)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +tat)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (HVP haue)
                                      (NEG not)
                                      (VBN schryuen)
                                      (NP-OB1 (PRO hom)))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
              (MD schall)
              (BE be)
              (VAN schowet)
              (PP (P to)
                  (NP (Q all) (D +te) (N world)))
              (PP (P yn)
                  (NP (ADJ gret) (N confusyon)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NX (N schenschyp)))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMMIRK,2.28)) 
    
    
  4. fronted NPs that mean more or less AS FOR...
    ( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (NP (ADJ Bitter)
                          (N sar))
                      (CONJP (CONJ &)
                             (NP (N schrift))))
              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ONE an))
              (MD mot)
              (VB cumen)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (D +te) (OTHER o+der)))
              (PP (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (NPR iudith))
                                  (DOD dude)
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (NPR merarith))))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.229.3311)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (NP-ADT (D +Te) (OTHER o+tre) (NUM vour)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +tet)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (VBP come+t)
                                      (ADVP-TMP (ADV+WARD $efterward)))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (MD wille+t)
              (VB speke)
              (NP-OB1 (D ane) (OTHER o+tre) (N speche))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMAYENBI,110.2119)) 
    
    
  5. other bare NPs in non-argument function
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (VBD slew)
              (NP-OB1 (NPR kynge) (NPR Pellynor))
              (NP-ADT (PRO$ hys) (ADJ owne) (NS hondis))   <--- with his own hands
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMMALORY,58.1942)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (VB fast)
                  (NP-TMP (PRO$ hur) (N euens))
                  (NP-ADT (N bred) (CONJ and) (N watyr))    <--- on bread and water
                  (PP (P in)
                      (NP (ADJ hegh) (N mede)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (PRO you))))))
          (ID CMMIRK,57.1582)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV +ta))
              (VBD onswerede)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
              (NP-SBJ (NPR drihten))
              (NP-ADT (ADJR mildere) (N steuene))   <--- in/with a milder voice
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,45.587)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Wa))
              (BEP *)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (NP-ADT (D +das))     <--- for that
              (E_S !))
      (ID CMVICES1,5.44)) 
    
    

Non-functional NP (NP)

The generic NP label NP is used for NPs that do not have one of the designated functions in the clause/consituent in which they appear. Often they are coindexed to another constituent or trace elsewhere in the clause. The following NPs are labeled NP.

The logical subject in presentational THERE constructions

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ-1 (EX +tare))
          (BED was)
          (NP-1 (D a) (N knyghte)
                (ADJP (ADJ redye)
                      (PP (P with)
                          (NP (D a) (N spere)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMEDTHOR,45.669)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (NP-POS (NPR Saynt) (NPR$ Albons))))
          (NP-SBJ-1 (EX ther))
          (VBD mette)
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (D the) (N kynge)))
          (NP-1 (D a) (ADJ grete) (N hoost)
                (PP (P of)
                    (NP (D the) (N North))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,6.165)) 

NPs extracted from another constituent

NPs which have been extracted from another constituent (phrase or clause) are labelled NP and coindexed to a trace within the constituent from which they were extracted The function of the NP in its original constituent is indicated by the trace.
( (IP-MAT (NP-1 (Q Al) (ADJ +tulli))
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (NPR+NPR haligast))
          (VBD lette)
          (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *-1)
                  (NP-SBJ *arb*)
                  (VB writen)
                  (PP (P on)
                      (NP (N boke))))
          (IP-INF-PRP (FOR for) (TO to)
                      (VB warni)
                      (NP-OB1 (NS wimmen))
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO$ hare) (ADJ fol) (NS echnen))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.45.422)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-1 (D +teos) (NUM fif) (NS wittes))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBP cleope+d)
          (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *ICH*-1)
                  (NP-OB1 (NS tichenes)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.81.964)) 

( (IP-IMP (NP-1 (Q Alle) (D +tyse))
          (VBI be+tenk)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP *ICH*-1))
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV inwardly))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (PRO$ +tyn) (CODE ) (N herte)))
          (, ,)
          (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (Q al) (PRO$ +tyn) (N affeccioun))
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NP (Q al) (PRO$ +ty) (N loue))))
                          (MD mowe)
                          (BE be)
                          (VAN turned)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (PRO hym) (FP alone)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,55.902)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-1 (Q alle) (OTHERS other))
          (CONJ neither)
          (MD wolde)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
          (VB (VB se) (CONJ ne) (VB speke))
          (PP (P with)
              (NP *ICH*-1))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR4,4.99)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR$ godes) (N eare))
              (ADJP-LOC (ADJ nech)
                        (NP *ICH*-1))
              (BEP beo)
              (NP-1 (PRO$ hire) (N tunge)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.61.636)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO ha))
          (ADVP (ADV trewliche))
          (NP-1 (PRO him))
          (VBD truste)
          (PP (P on)
              (NP *ICH*-1))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMJULIA,96.21)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-OB1 (Q Al))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR adam))
          (NP-1 (PRO him))
          (MD mihte)
          (PP (P to)
              (NP *ICH*-1))
          (VB clopie)
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMLAMB1,79.122)) 

NP complements of prepositions and adjectives

Within PPs and ADJPs, an NP complement of the head is not further specified in any way.
(NODE (PP (P in)
          (NP (D the) (NS dayes)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (PP (P fro)
          (NP (D the) (N syege)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (NPR Tarabil)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.88)) 

(NODE (ADJP-LOC (ADVR as) (ADJ nyghe)
                (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors))
                (PP (P as)
                    (NP (D a) (N+N bowe-draught))))
      (ID CMMALORY,25.769)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
            (NP (D the) (N duke)
                (NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.79)) 

Conjoined NPs

Within conjoined NPs, NPs are not marked for function.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (CONJ neyther)
                      (NP (D the) (N kynge))
                      (CONJP (CONJ nor)
                             (NP (Q none)
                                 (PP (P of)
                                     (NP (PRO$ his) (N counceill))))))
              (BED were)
              (ADJP (ADJ ware)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (PRO$ their) (N departyng)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.19))

(NODE (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                  (VBP gyve)
                  (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
                  (NP-OB1 (NP (NPR$ Gods) (N blissyng))
                          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                 (NP (PRO$ myne)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.179)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-MSR (NP (NUM thre) (NS dayes))
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NP (NUM thre) (NS nyghtes))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BED was)
              (ADJP (ADJ specheles)))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.172)) 

Prepositional Phrase (PP)

Extraction from PPs
Complement and adjunct PPs are not distinguished for want of precise and replicable criteria for distinguishing them.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (NS meanes)))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR kynge) (NPR Uther))
          (VBD send)
          (PP (P for)
              (NP (D this) (N duk)))
          (IP-PPL (VAG chargyng)
                  (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
                  (IP-INF (TO to)
                          (VB brynge)
                          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wyf))
                          (PP (P with)
                              (NP (PRO hym)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.8)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (MD wold)
          (NEG not)
          (VB assente)
          (PP (P unto)
              (NP (D the) (N kynge)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.16)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (MD wille)
              (NEG not)
              (VB Come)
              (PP (P at)
                  (NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.24)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Thenne))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (Q all) (N haste)))
          (VBD came)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR Uther))
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (D a) (ADJ grete) (N hoost))))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.37)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
          (PP (P within)
              (NP (ADJ forty) (NS dayes)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (MD wold)
          (VB fetche)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
          (PP (RP oute) (P of)
              (NP (D the) (ADJS byggest) (N castell)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (HVP hath)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.32)) 

For prepositions taking clausal complements, see Sections PREPOSITIONS TAKING CLAUSAL COMPLEMENTS, and ADVERBIAL CLAUSES. For the internal structure of PPs, see Section PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. For scrambling of complements out of PPs, see Section SCRAMBLING OF PP COMPLEMENTS.

Extraction from PPs

NP complements extracted from PPs leave behind an NP trace within the PP (see Section EMPTY CATEGORIES).
(NODE (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
              (C that)
              (IP-SIB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                      (BEP am)
                      (VAN gurte)
                      (PP (P withall)
                          (NP *T*-1))))
      (ID CMMALORY,45.1496))

(NODE (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
              (C that)
              (IP (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                  (BED was)
                  (NP-MSR (Q muche))
                  (VAG beholdynge)
                  (PP (P to)
                      (NP *T*-1))))
      (ID CMMALORY,49.1619)) 

Although the trace of passivized constituents is not normally marked, it is in the case of passivization from a PP in order to make the reason for the preposition being stranded clear (see also Section SMALL CLAUSES).
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO we))
              (BED were)
              (VAN sente)
              (PP (P for)
                  (NP *-1))
              (CP-ADV (C that)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                              (MD shold)
                              (BE be)
                              (VAN dishonoured))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.18)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJS $merveylyste) (N batayle)
              (CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
                      (C that)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-5 *T*-3)
                              (ADVP-TMP (ADV evir))
                              (BED was)
                              (VAN herde)
                              (PP (P off)
                                  (NP *-5)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,70.2392)) 

It is also possible to extract a PP which is itself the complement of a preposition.
( (CP-QUE-SPE (WPP-1 (RP Oute) (P of)
                     (WNP (WD what) (N courte)))
              (IP-SUB-SPE (BEP be)
			  (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
			  (VBN com)
			  (PP (P fro)
			      (PP *T*-1)))
              (, ?) 
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde) 
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Balyn)))
              (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMMALORY,51.1695))

For scrambling of PP complements, see Section SCRAMBLING OF PP COMPLEMENTS.

Adjective Phrase (ADJP)

Adjectival predicates
Locative adjectives
Other sentential ADJPs (ADJP-SPR)
NP complements extracted from ADJP

Adjectival predicates

Bare ADJPs at sentence level are predicates of BE and other copular verbs (SEEM, GROW/WAX, BECOME, etc.) or of small clauses (see Section SMALL CLAUSES).
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (ONE one)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO hem))))
              (BED was)
              (ADJP (ADJ yonge)))
      (ID CMMALORY,665.4791)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV than))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (BED was)
          (ADJP (ADJ faynte)))
  (ID CMMALORY,663.4727)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Thenne))
          (BED was)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng))
          (ADJP (ADVR wonderly) (ADJ wroth))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.29)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (D the) (ADJ laste)))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Terquyne))
          (VBD wexed)
          (ADJP (ADJ faynte)))
  (ID CMMALORY,192.2836))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
              (VBD semed)
              (ADJP (ADJR yonger)
                    (PP (P $than)
                        (NP (D that)
                            (OTHER othir)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,666.4837)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
          (BED was)
          (ADJP (ADVR so)
                (ADJ fre)
                (CP-DEG (C +tat)
                        (IP-SUB 
                                (NP-SBJ (NS men))
                                (VBD resceyued)
                                (ADVP-LOC (ADV +tere))
                                (NP-OB1 (Q all)
                                        (N manere)
                                        (PP (P of)
                                            (NP (NS fugityfes)
                                                (PP (P of)
                                                    (NP (OTHER o+ter)
                                                        (NS places)))
                                                (PP (P for)
                                                    (NP (PRO$ here)
                                                        (ADJ euyl)
                                                        (NS dedes)))))))))
          (E_S .))(ID CMMANDEV,43.1072)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (VBD saw)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D thes) (NUM two) (NS bodyes))
                      (ADJP (ADJ dede))))
      (ID CMMALORY,53.1774))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (D the) (N monestery)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD founde)
          (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D a) (N preste))
                  (ADJP (ADJ redy)))
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (D the) (N awter)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,660.4612)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR God))
              (VBD stroke)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
                      (ADJP (ADV allmoste) (ADJ blynde))))
      (ID CMMALORY,660.4641))

Locative adjectives

Certain adjectives (NEAR, FAR, CLOSE, FAST, etc.) head locative adjective phrases, which are labelled ADJP-LOC, whether or not they are predicates. See also Section NP COMPLEMENTS OF ADJECTIVES.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ fals) (N duke)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NX (N traytoure))))
              (BED was)
              (ADJP-LOC (ADVR so) (ADJ nyghe)
                        (NP (NP-POS (D the) (N$ Kyngys))
                            (N presens))))
      (ID CMGREGOR,221.2167)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
              (VBD com)
              (ADJP-LOC (ADVR as) (ADJ nyghe)
                        (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors))
                        (PP (P as)
                            (NP (D a) (N+N bowe-draught)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,25.769))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
          (BEP beo+d)
          (ADJP-LOC (ADV ful) (ADJ feor)
                    (PP (P from)
                        (NP (PRO ham)))))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.161.2209)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there))
              (VBD com)
              (NP-1 (Q none))
              (ADJP-LOC (ADJ nyghe)
                        (NP (PRO hym)))
              (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR as) (ADJ farre))
                      (PP (P as)
                          (CP-ADV (WNP-2 0)
                                  (C 0)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-2)
                                          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                          (MD myght)
                                          (VB reche)
                                          (PP (P with)
                                              (NP (PRO$ hys) (N swerde))))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,26.814)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADJP-LOC (ADVR ase) (ADJ nech)
                    (PP (P as)
                        (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
                                (C 0)
                                (IP-SUB (ADJP-LOC *T*-1)
                                        (NP-SBJ (PRO$ ure) (N mu+d))
                                        (BEP is)
                                        (PP (P to)
                                            (NP (N world) (N ispeche)))))))
          (, .)
          (ADJP-LOC (ADVR as) (ADJ feor)
                    (NP *ICH*-2))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-2 (NPR god))
          (PP (P hwenne)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                      (VBP speke+d)
                                      (PP (P (P21 to) (P22 ward))
                                          (NP (PRO him))))
                              (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                                             (VBP bide+d)
                                             (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
                                             (NP-OB1 (Q ani) (N bone)))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.61.633)) 

( (IP-IMP (ADVP-TMP (ADV Nu))
          (NP-VOC (PRO$ mine) (ADJ leoue) (NS sustren))
          (, .)
          (PP (P from)
              (NP (Q al) (ADJ uuel) (N speche)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tt)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (BEP is)
                                  (ADVP (ADV +tus))
                                  (ADJP (ADJ +treofald)
                                        (, .)
                                        (ADJP-PRN (ADJ Idel) (, .) (ADJ ful) (, .) (CONJ &) (ADJ attri)))))))
          (, ;)
          (VBI halde+d)
          (ADJP-LOC (ADJ feor))
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ ouwer) (NS earen))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.71.809)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBP wunie+d)
          (ADJP-LOC (ADJ lah))
          (PP (P on)
              (NP (NPR eor+d+de)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMHALI,129.26)) 

(IP-INF-PRP (FOR for)
            (BE ben)
            (ADJP-LOC (ADJP (ADJ hegh)
                            (PP (P on)
                                (NP (NPR heuene))))
                      (, .)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (ADJP (ADJ nehg)
                                   (NP (PRO$ ure) (NPR drihten))))))

Phrases like TWO MILES FROM LONDON are assumed to have an empty head DISTANT (TWO MILES DISTANT FROM LONDON equivalent to FAR FROM LONDON), and are labelled ADJP-LOC. Similar phrases with HENSE/THENSE (=FROM HERE/THERE) are treated in the same way. (Cases with HENSE/THENSE (=to HERE/THERE) are labelled ADVP-DIR. See also Section DIRECTIONAL ADVERBS.)
(NODE (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *arb*)
              (ADJP-LOC (PP (P from)
                            (NP (D +te) (N sea)))
                        (NP-MSR (D a) (N mile)))   <--- a mile [distant]
              (, .)
              (VB setten)
              (NP-OB1 (D a) (N chirche)))
      (ID CMJULIA,126.553)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ Ah)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO heo))
          (PP (P as)
              (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ deorwur+de) (NPR drihtin))
                              (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
                              (VBD dihte))))
          (PP (P into)
              (NP (D a) (N burh)))
          (BED wes)
          (VAN ibroht)
          (IP-INF (IP-INF (TO to)
                          (VB ueden))
                  (CONJP (CONJ &)
                         (IP-INF (TO to)
                                 (VB uostrin))))
          (, .)
          (PP-2 (P from)
                (NP (D +te) (ADJ muchele) (NPR antioche)))
          (ADJP-LOC (NUM fiftene) (NS milen)  <--- fifteen miles [distant]
                    (PP *ICH*-2)))
  (ID CMMARGA,55.15)) 

(NODE (NP (NPR Hamburgh)
          (, ,)
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                  (C +tat)
                  (IP (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                      (BEP is)
                      (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUM fyve) (N myle))
                                (PP (P from)
                                    (NP (NPR Rependoun)))))))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,367.2675))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tei))
              (BED weryn)
              (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUMP (NUM v) (CONJ er) (NUM vj))
                                (N myle))
                        (P fro)
                        (NP (NPR Lynne))))
      (ID CMKEMPE,226.3675)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
              (NP (D +tat) (ADJ same) (N weye)))
          (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUM half) (N myle))
                    (PP (P fro)
                        (NP (NPR Ierusalem))))
          (VBD appered)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N sterre))
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (D the) (NUM .iij.) (NS kynges)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMANDEV,48.1175)) 

( (IP-IMP (VBI mak)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV thanne))
          (NP-OB1 (D a) (ADJR narwere) (N cercle)
                  (CP-REL *ICH*-1))
          (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (Q som) (WPRO what))
                    (ADVR ferther) (ADJ distaunt)
                    (PP (P fro)
                        (NP (D the)
                            (ADJP (ADV laste) (VAN seid))
                            (N cercle))))
          (, /)
          (CP-REL-1 (WPP-2 (P in)
                           (WNP (WPRO whiche)))
                    (C 0)
                    (IP-SUB (PP *T*-2)
                            (MD shal)
                            (BE be)
                            (VAN deuyded)
                            (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS degres)
                                    (PP (P of)
                                        (NP (D the) (ADJ same) (N lymbe)))))))
  (ID CMEQUATO,18.22))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat) (N place))
          (BEP is)
          (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ litel))
                    (PP (P fram)
                        (NP (NPR +Gork)))))
  (ID CMBRUT3,106.3197)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD lyved)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV first))
          (NP-OB1 (NP-POS (N anker) ($ his))
                  (N lyf))
          (ADJP-LOC (ADJ faste)
                    (PP (P by)
                        (NP (D +te) (N ryver)
                            (PP (P of)
                                (NP (NPR Rone))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,295.2161)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD dwelled)
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (D +te) (N brigge)))
          (PP (P uppon)
              (NP (NPR Sevarne)))
          (, ,)
          (ADJP-LOC (ADJ faste)
                    (PP (P by)
                        (NP (NPR Wales))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,393.2880)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (NPR Simon) (NPR Reding))
          (BED was)
          (VAN hangin)
          (PP-1 (P on)
                (NP (D +te) (ADJ same) (NS trees)))
          (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUM ten) (N fete))
                    (ADJR lower)
                    (PP *ICH*-1))
          (E_S . ))
  (ID CMCAPCHR,153.3584)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (TO to)
              (VB remove)
              (ADVP-DIR (ADV thens))
              (PP (P to)
                  (NP (D a) (N towne)
                      (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (NUM xx) (N myle))
                                (ADVP-DIR (ADV thens)))
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C that)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-2 *T*-1)
                                      (BEP is)
                                      (VAN callyd)
                                      (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-2)
                                              (NP-OB1 (NPR Solye))))))))
      (ID CMEDMUND,173.288)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ thy) (ADJ verre) (FW mot)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO$ thy) (N mone))))
              (BEP be)
              (ADJP-LOC (NP-MSR (QR lasse)
                                (PP (P than)
                                    (NP (NUM 0.60) (NS signes))))
                        (PP (P fro)
                            (NP (NPR caput) (NPR draconis)))))
      (ID CMEQUATO,38.269)) 

Other sentential ADJPs (ADJP-SPR)

Any ADJP at sentence level which is not a predicate of a copular verb or locative, is labelled ADJP-SPR. These may be secondary predicates or adjuncts (parallel to adjunct participial clauses; see Section ADJUNCT PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES).
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
          (ADJP-SPR (ADJ lyke)
                    (NP (D a)
                        (ADJ lusty) (N knyghte)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD assentid)
          (PP (ADV+P therto))
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (ADJ good) (N wille)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,5.112)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (ADV+P theryn))
          (VBD stack)
          (NP-SBJ (D a) (ADJ fayre) (N swerd))
          (ADJP-SPR (ADJ naked))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (D the) (N poynt)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,7.193)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P Be)
              (ADVP (ADV than)))
          (VBD com)
          (PP (P into)
              (NP (D the) (N felde)))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR kynge) (NPR Ban))
          (ADJP-SPR (ADVR as) (ADJ ferse)
                    (PP (P as)
                        (NP (D a) (N lyon))))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (NS bondis)
                  (PP (PP (P of)
                          (NP (N grene)))
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NP (PP (ADV+P thereuppon))
                                 (N golde))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,25.784)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N knyght))
          (VBD sanke)
          (PP (RP downe) (P to)
              (NP (D the) (N erthe)))
          (ADJP-SPR (ADJ dede))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,26.821))

NP complements extracted from ADJP

An NP complement of an adjective may be extracted from the ADJP, in which case it is coindexed to a trace within the ADJP. This trace is always first in the ADJP. Note that we do not specify order within ADJPs and thus a complement NP which immediately precedes the head is considered to be within the ADJP (see Section ADJECTIVE PHRASE (cf. complement PPs of nouns which are treated as following the head in base order, see Section SCRAMBLING OUT OF NPs).
(NODE (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-2)
              (NP-SBJ (D +te)
                      (N cunde)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (D+ADJ +tilke) (NS fu+geles))))
              (NP-3 (NS ancren))
              (BEP bei+d)
              (ADJP (NP *ICH*-3)
                    (ADJ iliche)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.50.121)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (MD moten)
              (NP-3 (PRO him))
              (BE bien)
              (ADJP (NP *ICH*-3)
                    (ADJ hersum))
              (PP (P on)
                  (NP (Q alle) (ADJ gode) (NS woerkes)))
              (PP (ADV anaon)
                  (P to)
                  (NP (D +de) (N dea+de))))
      (ID CMVICES1,9.71)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P +Gif)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +du))
                              (MD mihtest)
                              (VB bi+geten)
                              (NP-OB1 (FW prudentiam))
                              (, ,)
                              (PP (P $swa)
                                  (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
                                          (C 0)
                                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                                  (VBP hatte)
                                                  (NP-SBJ (ONE an))))))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO hie))
          (NP-2 (PRO +de))
          (BED ware)
          (ADJP (NP *ICH*-2)
                (ADV swi+de) (ADJ beheue))
          (IP-INF-PRP (NP-OB1 (D +dese) (N wike))
                      (TO to)
                      (VB lokin))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMVICES1,99.1193)) 

Adverb Phrase (ADVP)

Locative adverbs (ADVP-LOC)
Directional adverbs (ADVP-DIR)
Temporal adverbs (ADVP-TMP)
Other adverbs (ADVP)

Note that NP adverbs are labelled as NPs (NP-ADV) not as adverbs. For a listing of NP adverbs, see Section NP ADVERBS.

Locative adverbs (ADVP-LOC)

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV ther))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD pyght)
          (NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS pavelyons))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.39)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (PP (P for)
                  (NP (N profit)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (D +te) (N soule)))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N body))
              (BEP be)
              (VAN put)
              (ADVP-LOC (ADV by-hynde)))
      (ID CMAELR3,32.176))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
              (IP-PPL (NP-OB1 (QP (Q noon) (CONJ or) (Q litul))
                              (N ioye))
                      (HAG hauyngge)
                      (ADVP-LOC (ADV wit-ynne)))
              (, ,)
              (VBP sechy+t)
              (NP-OB1 (Q al) (PRO$ here) (N ioye))
              (ADVP-LOC (ADV wit-oute)))
      (ID CMAELR3,33.202)) 

Directional adverbs (ADVP-DIR)

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD bare)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
          (ADVP-DIR (ADV forth))
          (PP (P unto)
              (NP (NPR syre) (NPR Ector))))
  (ID CMMALORY,6.151)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (ADVP (ADV so))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBD cam)
              (ADVP-DIR (ADV hyder))
              (ADVP (ADV egerly)))
  (ID CMMALORY,9.246)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (PP (P on)
                  (NP (NUM twelfth) (N day)))
              (NP-SBJ (Q alle) (D the) (NS barons))
              (VBD cam)
              (ADVP-DIR (ADV thyder)))
      (ID CMMALORY,10.283)) 

(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (TO to)
                  (VB wayte)
                  (PP (P upon)
                      (NP (D the) (NPR Northe)))
                  (PP (P fro)
                      (NP (NPR Trent)))
                  (ADVP-DIR (ADV+WARD forwardes)))
      (ID CMMALORY,11.320)) 

Temporal adverbs (ADVP-TMP)

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV thenne))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
          (VBD told)
          (NP-OB2 (D the) (N duke)
                  (NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.17)) 

( (IP-MAT (ALSO Also)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV soone)
                    (PP (P as)
                        (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                                (C 0)
                                (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
                                        (NP-SBJ (NPR kyng) (NPR Uther))
                                        (VBD knewe)
                                        (PP (P of)
                                            (NP (PRO$ theire) (N departyng)))
                                        (ADVP (ADVR soo) (ADV sodenly))))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (BED was)
          (ADJP (ADV wonderly) (ADJ wrothe))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.20)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
              (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
              (VBD cam)
              (PP (P at)
                  (NP (D the) (N castel)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR Tyntigail))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.90)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV anone))
          (ADJP-SPR (ADJ lyke)
                    (NP (D a) (ADJ lusty) (N knyghte)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD assentid)
          (PP (ADV+P therto))
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (ADJ good) (N wille)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,5.112)) 

Other adverbs (ADVP)

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BED were)
              (ADVP (ADV myghtyly))
              (VAN withstonde))
      (ID CMMALORY,45.1484)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD wente)
          (ADVP (ADV pryvaly))
          (PP (P into)
              (NP (D the)
                  (N courte))))
  (ID CMMALORY,46.1529)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD com)
          (ADVP (ADV togidirs))
          (NP-MSR (QP (ADVR as) (Q muche))
                  (PP (P as)
                      (CP-CMP (WNP-1 0)
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO$ their) (NS horsis))
                                      (MD $myght)
                                      (VB dryve)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,51.1705)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P whan)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBD com)
                              (PP (P to)
                                  (NP (D the) (N see))))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD sente)
          (NP-DIR (N home))
          (NP-OB1 (D the) (N+NS footemen))
          (ADVP (ADV agayne))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,18.566)) 

Verb Phrase

Although in general the PPCME does not include a VP node, there are three cases in which the boundaries of the VP are clear and omitting it creates more problems than it solves. A VP node is therefore used in the following three circumstances:
  1. in cases of VP topicalization
    ( (IP-MAT (VP (VB hyde)
                  (NP-OB1 (PRO hem)))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
              (MD wolden))
      (ID CMAELR4,24.738)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ Ach)
              (VP (VB totin)
                  (RP vt)
                  (PP (P (P21 wi+d) (P22 uten))
                      (NP (N uuel))))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD mei)
              (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ ouwer))
                      (Q nou+der))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.43.381)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (VP (VP (VB sauuen)
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO ow) (N seoluen)))
                  (CONJ (CONJ &)
                        (VP (VB maten)
                            (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
                            (ADVP (ADVR betere)))))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD mu+ge)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO +ge))
              (PP (P on)
                  (NP (Q nane) (N wise))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.78.915)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-MAT-1 (CONJ bot)
                    (VP (VB gange)
                        (PP (P fra)
                            (NP (N stede)))
                        (PP (P til)
                            (NP (N stede))))
                    (MD wil)
                    (NP-SBJ (PRO +tai)))
          (ID CMBENRUL,4.114)) 
    
    
  2. in cases of VP extraction from subordinate clauses
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                  (VBD left)
                  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hir))
                          (ADJP (ADJ a-loon)
                                (PP (P a-mong)
                                    (NP (PRO hem)))))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (VP-1 (VBP cheys)
                            (NP-RFL (PRO hir)))
                      (P as)
                      (CP-ADV (WADVP-2 0) 
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-2)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO sche))
                                      (MD cowde)
                                      (VP *ICH*-1)))))
          (ID CMKEMPE,27.600))
    
    
  3. in parenthetical expansions of the THAT IS or THAT IS TO SAY/UNDERSTAND type
    ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q Nan) (N ancre))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD schal)
              (PP (P bi)
                  (NP (PRO$ mi) (N read)))
              (VB makien)
              (NP-OB1 (N professiun))
              (, ,)
              (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tet))
                          (BEP is)
                          (, ,)
                          (VP (VB bihaten)
                              (NP-OB1 (N heste))
                              (PP (ADV alswa) 
                                  (P ase)
                                  (NP (N heste)))
                              (, ,)
                              (PP (P buten)
                                  (NP (NUM +treo) (NS +tinges)))))
              (E_S .)) 
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.44.51))
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO +tai)
                          (CP-REL *ICH*-2))
                  (MD sal)
                  (DO do)
                  (CP-REL-2 (WNP-3 0)
                            (C +tat)
                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                                    (BEP es)
                                    (PP (P in)
                                        (NP (N cursing)))
                                    (, ,)
                                    (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
                                                (BEP es)
                                                (VP (DAN don)
                                                    (PP (PP (RP owte) (P of)
                                                                (NP (D +te) (NPR kirke)))
                                                        (CONJP *ICH*-4))
                                                    (PP (P for)
                                                        (NP (ADJ greue) (N faute)))
                                                    (CONJP-4 (CONJ and)
                                                             (PP (RP owte) (P of)
                                                                             
                                                              (NP (D +te) (N fraitur)))))))))
          (ID CMBENRUL,31.1016))
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                  (MD woll)
                  (VB taken)
                  (NP-OB1 (N ensampull)
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (NPR Seynt) (NPR Paule))))
                  (, ,)
                  (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
                              (BEP ys)
                              (, ,)
                              (VP (VP (VP (VB leue)
                                          (NP-OB1 (N pryde)))
                                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                             (VP (BE be)
                                                 (ADJP (ADJ meke)))))
                                  (, ,)
                                  (CONJP (VP (VP (VB leue)
                                                 (NP-OB1 (N synne)))
                                             (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                                    (VP (BE be)
                                                        (ADJP (ADJ bysy)
                                                              (IP-INF (TO to)
                                                                      (VB amende))))))))))
          (ID CMMIRK,55.1553))
    
    

Words Acting as Clausal Constituents

Verbs and Modals
OUGHT TO
Infinitives with FOR TO
Participles
Negation
Adverbial Particles
Floated Quantifiers

Verbs and Modals

Verbs are labelled only at the word level. For details on the labels, see Sections VERBS and MODALS.

OUGHT TO

In order to avoid analyzing the modal construction OUGHT TO V as though it were a control structure, we have bracketed the construction as follows:
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ But)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (MD ought)
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
              (TO to)
              (BE be)
              (ADJP (ADJ hevy))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR Merlion)))
              (E_S ,)) 
  (ID CMMALORY,35.1117))

OUGHT can also be impersonal.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And) 
          (NP-SBJ *exp*)
          (PP (P if)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
                              (BEP be)
                              (ADJP (ADJ dede)))))
          (, ,) 
          (NP-OB2 (PRO thaym))
          (MD awe) 
          (TO to) 
          (VB helpe) 
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ +taire) (NS sawles)) 
          (PP (P with)
              (NP (NP (N almous) (NS dedes))
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (NS prayers))))) 
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMROLLTR,11.297))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *exp*)
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (D this) (N caas)))
              (NP-OB2 (PRO yow))
              (MD oghten)
              (FOR for)
              (TO to)
              (VB werken)
              (ADVP (ADVP (ADV ful) (ADV avysely))
                    (CONJP (CONJ and)
                           (PP (P with)
                               (NP (ADJ greet) (N deliberacioun))))))
      (ID CMCTMELI,226.C2.373))

Infinitives with FOR TO

FOR and TO each have their own special word tags but as with other verbal material no other structure is indicated. When cliticized the combination is labelled FOR+TO.
(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (FOR for) (TO to)
                  (HV have)
                  (VBN distressid)
                  (NP-OB1 (NP-POS (D the) (N$ kynges))
                          (N hooste)))
      (E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,4.89)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (FOR for) (TO to)
              (VB nourisshe)
              (NP-OB1 (D the) (N child))
              (PP (ADV lyke)
                  (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
                                  (VBD desyred)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.147)) 

(NODE (IP-INF (FOR+TO forto)
              (VB defoyle)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ heore) (ADJ maydenlych) (N body))
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (Q eny) (N maner)
                      (NP-COM (N wyse)))))
      (ID CMAELR3,27.47)) 

(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (FOR+TO forte)
                  (HV habben)
                  (NP-OB1 (N+N golthord))
                  (VBN ifunden))
      (ID CMMARGA,83.446)) 

When FOR or TO is elided in conjunct clauses, an empty category is inserted in order to distinguish these cases from bare infinitives. See Section ELIDED FOR AND TO IN CONJOINED INFINITIVES.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD counceyled)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
          (IP-INF (IP-INF (TO to)
                          (VB go))
                  (CONJP (CONJ &)
                         (IP-INF (TO *)
                                 (DO do)
                                 (NP-OB1 (N sacrifice))
                                 (PP (P to)
                                     (NP (NPR Dame) (NPR Diane))))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,8.186)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR$ Cristes) (N wyl))
              (BEP be)
              (IP-INF (IP-INF (FOR+TO forto)
                              (VB save)
                              (NP-OB1 (PRO vs)))
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (IP-INF (FOR *) (TO *)
                                     (HV haue)
                                     (NP-OB1 (N mercy))
                                     (PP (P vppon)
                                         (NP (PRO vs)))))))
      (ID CMAELR3,43.516))

Participles

Verbal and adjectival past participles are not distinguished by part-of-speech tag because of the difficulty in making this judgement consistently (see Section VERBS).

Passive/adjectival participles occur after BE, in reduced relative clauses (Section REDUCED RELATIVES), in small clauses (Section SMALL CLAUSES) and absolute clauses (Section ABSOLUTE CLAUSES). In addition they pre- and post-modify nouns. Perfect particples occur mainly with HAVE, but also occasionally with BE (HE IS COME).

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BED were)
              (ADVP (ADV myghtyly))
              (VAN withstonde))
      (ID CMMALORY,45.1484)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (MD may)
              (NEG nat)
              (BE be)
              (VAN delyverde)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (D thys) (N swerde)))
              (PP (P but)
                  (PP (P by)
                      (NP (D a) (N knyght))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,45.1497)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV So))
          (PP (P as)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                              (VBD rode)
                              (PP (P to)
                                  (NP (D the) (NS justes) (WARD ward))))))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))
          (HVD had)
          (VBN lost)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N suerd))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,8.214)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR syre) (NPR Ector))
              (BED was)
              (VBN come))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.147)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (CONJ but)
              (PP (P with)
                  (NP (N falshede)))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
              (MD wolde)
              (HV have)
              (HVN had)
              (IP-SMC-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO me))
			  (VAN slayne)
			  (PP (P with)
			      (NP (N treson))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,206.3395)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N fende))
              (VBD felte)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
                      (ADVP (ADVR so))
                      (VAN charged)))
      (ID CMMALORY,664.4751)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
          (VBD flowe)
          (PP (P unto)
              (NP (D the) (N elme)))
          (IP-INF-PRP (TO to)
                      (VB take)
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO$ hir) (N perche)))
          (, ,)
          (IP-ABS (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS lunes))
                  (VAN overcast)
                  (PP (P aboute)
                      (NP (D a) (N bowghe))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMMALORY,205.3342)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO they)
                  (QP (Q all)))
          (BED were)
          (VAN armed)
          (PP (Q all)
              (P in)
              (NP (ADJ blak) (N harneyse)))
          (, ,)
          (ADJP (ADJ redy)
                (PP (P with)
                    
(NODE (NP (NP (PRO$ her) (NS shyldis))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (NP (PRO$ her) (NS swerdis)))
          (RRC (ADJP (ADJ redy))
               (VAN drawyn)))
      (ID CMMALORY,203.3273)) 

(NODE (NP (D the) (N castell)
          (RRC (VAN called)
               (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *)
                       (NP-OB1 (NPR Camelot)))
               (PP (P in)
                   (NP (D tho) (NS dayes)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,45.1488)) 

Present participles appear after BE, in reduced RELATIVE CLAUSES (Section \ref{relative_clauses}), in w (Section \ref{adjunct_participial_clauses}), and in ABSOLUTE CLAUSES (Section \ref{absolute_clauses}). Present participles occur after BE, in reduced relative clauses (Section REDUCED RELATIVES), in small clauses (Section ADJUNCT PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES) and absolute clauses (Section ABSOLUTE CLAUSES). In addition they pre- and post-modify nouns.
(NODE (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
              (NP-SBJ (D thys) (N knyght))
              (BED was)
              (VAG makynge)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
                      (ADJP (ADJ redy)
                            (IP-INF (TO to)
                                    (VB departe)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,48.1589)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D a) (N yoman) (N porter)
              (RRC (VAG kepyng)
                   (NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS keyes))))
      (ID CMMALORY,193.2864))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (PRO hym)))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (D a) (N slade)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD sey)
          (NP-OB1 (NUM four) (NS knyghtes))
          (IP-PPL (VAG hovynge)
                  (PP (P undir)
                      (NP (D an) (N oke))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,200.3160)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (N strengthe)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NX (N hardinesse)))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP know)
              (IP-ABS-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
			  (NEG nat)
			  (VAG lyvynge))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ hys) (N macche))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,51.1681)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
          (VBD departed)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Percivale))
          (PP (P frome)
              (NP (PRO$ hys) (N awnte)))
          (, ,)
          (IP-ABS (NP-SBJ (Q aythir))
                  (VAG makyng)
                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorow)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,659.4602)) 

Negation

The negative particles NE (when it doesn't mean NOR) and forms of NOT are labeled NEG. Negation is a word-level category and does not project a phrase. See Section NEGATION.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (MD wille)
              (NEG not)
              (VB Come)
              (PP (P at)
                  (NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.24))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (NP-SBJ (ADJ fowl) (N desir))
          (NEG ne)
          (VBP reste+t)
          (NEG not)
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (PRO hem)))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P +tey)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N feblenesse)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (N age))))
                              (VBP denye)
                              (NP-OB1 (N power)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (N dede))))
                              (, ,)
                              (PP-PRN (P as)
                                      (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0) 
                                              (C 0)
                                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO +tey))
                                                      (VBP seyn)))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,30.121))

(NODE (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q al) (D +tis))
                      (NEG no)
                      (VBD suffiscede)
                      (NEG not)))
      (ID CMAELR3,30.104))

Adverbial Particles

Adverbial particles associated with verbs are labeled RP. The criteria for distinguishing them from other adverbs are difficult to make explicit. We have used the following list (following the Brown Corpus): ABOUT, ACROSS, BY, DOWN, IN, OFF, ON, OUT, OVER, THROUGH, UP. In general, particles do not project phrasal structure. See also Section ADVERBIAL PARTICLES.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (ADV+P therwith))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD yelde)
          (RP up)
          (NP-OB1 (D the) (N ghost))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,7.181)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (ADV+P Therwithalle))
          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Ector))
          (VBD assayed)
          (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (VB pulle)
                  (RP oute)
                  (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd))))
  (ID CMMALORY,9.257)) 

When a potential particle stands immediately before a PP, it is interpreted as a specifier of the PP and bracketed with it whenever possible.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (ADJ good) (NS meanys)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (D the) (NS barownes)))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (BED was)
          (VAN delyverde)
          (PP (RP oute) (P of)
              (NP (N preson)))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,46.1526)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P at)
              (NP (NUM two) (NS strokys)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD strake)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
          (PP (RP downe) (P to)
              (NP (D the) (N erthe)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,200.3143)) 

Floated Quantifiers

Floated quantifiers are labelled Q without a phrase label. They are not connected in any way to the phrase they quantify, which is usually the subject.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
              (BED wern)
              (Q all)                    <--- floated quantifier
              (ADJP (ADJ fayne)
                    (IP-INF (TO to)
                            (VB fach)
                            (NP-OB1 (NPR Andraw))
                            (PP (RP out) (P of)
                                (NP (N pryson))))))
      (ID CMMIRK,7.178)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Adam) (CONJ and) (NPR Eue))
              (BED wern)
              (Q bo+te)
              (ADJP (ADJ holy))
              (PP (P or)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
                                  (VBD deydyn)))))
      (ID CMMIRK,68.1871)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
              (VBP arisen)
              (Q alle)
              (PP (P by)
                  (NP (N southe)))
              (NP-DIR (D the) (N est) (N lyne)))
      (ID CMASTRO,667.C2.149)) 

Quantifiers in non-floated quantifier positions are also so labelled if there is no other possible interpretation.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (BED wern)
          (ADJP (ADJ barayne))
          (Q bo+te)
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMIRK,15.433)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tay))
              (BED werne)
              (VAN rayset)
              (Q all))
      (ID CMMIRK,8.199)) 

'Thenne is he a bastard,' they said al.
(CMMALORY,12.352)

(NODE (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                  (VBD said)
                  (Q al))
      (ID CMMALORY,12.352)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (ADV+P +terof))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO +tai))
          (VBD maden)
          (Q al)
          (NP-OB1 (ADJ gret) (N ioye))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMBRUT3,122.3705)) 

It is not always easy to distinguish the floated quantifier ALL from the adverbial/intensive use of ALL. By default ALL in the floated quantifier position is labelled as a floated quantifier if the subject is plural or collective. When it immediately precedes a PP of which it could be a specifier it is treated as such. In all other cases it is labelled ADVP.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ hyhe) (N masse))
              (BEP be)
              (ADVP (Q all))
              (DAN done))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.197)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR$ Gryfflettis) (N spere))
              (ADVP (Q all))
              (VBD to-shevirde))
      (ID CMMALORY,38.1206)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ hir) (N horse))
              (BED was)
              (ADVP (Q all))
              (VAN beswette))
      (ID CMMALORY,626.3508)) 

Extended Labels

Appositive or Parenthetical (-PRN)
IP parentheticals
SAID X
THAT IS
Gapping and right-node raising
Bare reason adjuncts
Asides
Direct Speech (-SPE)
Non-nominal left-dislocation (-LFD)

A number of extended labels are used to indicate certain functions that can be fulfilled by more than one category of phrase.

Appositive or Parenthetical (-PRN)

The extended label -PRN can be attached to any constituent label and indicates either an appositive or a parenthetical. If the parenthetical/appositive constituent follows its co-constituent directly, it is included in the brackets of its co-constituent (see Section APPOSITIVES AND PARENTHETICALS). If it is separated from its co-constituent it is coindexed to a trace within that constituent. The two most common types are separated NP appositives (often probably right-dislocation structures) and clauses (usually THAT clauses) appositive to demonstratives (usually THAT).
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ +tyn)
                  (ADJ owne)
                  (NPR Lord)
                  (, ,)
                  (NP-PRN (ADJ almyti)
                          (NPR God)))
          (E_S .))(ID CMAELR3,26.18)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV there))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO they)
                  (NP-PRN *ICH*-1))
          (VBD alighte)
          (NP-PRN-1 (Q al)
                    (NUM thre)))
  (ID CMMALORY,9.237)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (ADV+P therwithall))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO they)
                  (NP-PRN *ICH*-1))
          (VBD knelyd)
          (PP (P at)
              (ADVP (ADV ones)))
          (NP-PRN-1 (ADJP (CONJ both) (ADJ ryche) (CONJ and) (ADJ poure))))
  (ID CMMALORY,11.307))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P $aftir)
              (NP (D the) (N haste)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (D the) (NS lettirs)))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
          (VBD gaff)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO hem))
          (NP-OB1 (D thys) (N answere)
                  (CP-THT-PRN (C that)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                      (MD wolde)
                                      (VB fulfille)
                                      (NP-OB1 (D $the) (N desire)
                                              (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (NP-POS (NPR kyng) (NPR$ Arthurs))
                                                      (N wrytynge)))))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,16.491)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D that))
          (BED was)
          (NP-OB1 (D thys)
                  (CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
          (, ,)
          (PP (ADV shortly))
          (, ,)
          (CP-THT-PRN-1 (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (CONJ neyther)
                                        (NP (PRO he))
                                        (CONJP (CONJ nor)
                                               (NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
                                (MD wold)
                                (NEG not)
                                (VB come)
                                (PP (P at)
                                    (NP (PRO hym)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,2.28)) 

IP parentheticals

IP parentheticals fall into four classes:

SAID X

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
              (MD wolt)
              (VB ensure)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO me))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO she)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (CP-THT (C that)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                              (MD wolt)
                              (VB fulfylle)
                              (NP-OB1 (PRO$ my) (N wylle))
                              (PP (P whan)
                                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                                                  (VBP somon)
                                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO the))))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,663.4733)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO Ich))
              (HVP habbe)
              (VBN funden)
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD quod)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO he)))
              (NP-OB1 (N mon)
                      (PP (P efter)
                          (NP (PRO$ min) (N heorte))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.46.432)) 

THAT IS

Glosses or expansions on words or phrases introduced by THAT IS or THAT IS TO SAY/UNDERSTAND are labelled IP-MAT-PRN. The gloss itself is treated as the predicate of the verb. If the gloss is a VP, it is so labelled; see Section VERB PHRASE.
(NP (D +te) (N concience)
    (, ,)
    (IP-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +te))
            (BEP is)
            (, ,)
            (NP-OB1 (D +te) (N inwit)
                    (PP (PP (P of)
                            (NP (PRO$ +ti) (N +toht)))
                        (CONJP (CONJ and)
                               (PP (P of)
                                   (NP (PRO$ +tin) (N heorte))))))))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q+N No-man))
          (MD may)
          (VB $amende)
          (NP-OB1 (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (NPR God))
                                  (HVP ha+t)
                                  (VBN despised))))
          (, -)
          (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
                      (BEP is)
                      (IP-INF (TO to)
                              (VB seye)
                              (, ,)
                              (PP (P wit-owte)
                                  (NP (NP (ADJ gret) (N repentaunce)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (N man))))
                                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                             (NP (ADJ special) (N grace)
                                                 (PP (P of)
                                                     (NP (NPR God)))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,52.843)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q Nan) (N ancre))
          (NEG ne)
          (MD schal)
          (PP (P bi)
              (NP (PRO$ mi) (N read)))
          (VB makien)
          (NP-OB1 (N professiun))
          (, ,)
          (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tet))
                      (BEP is)
                      (, ,)
                      (VP (VB bihaten)          <--- VP gloss
                          (NP-OB1 (N heste))
                          (PP (ADV alswa)
                              (P ase)
                              (NP (N heste)))
                          (, ,)
                          (PP (P buten)
                              (NP (NUM +treo) (NS +tinges)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,I.44.51)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ ant)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBP swole+ge+d)
          (NP-OB1 (D +te) (N fle+ge))
          (, ,)
          (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tet))
                      (BEP is)
                      (, ,)
                      (VP (VBP make+d)
                          (NP-OB1 (Q much) (N $strenc+de))
                          (ADVP-LOC (ADV +ter)
                                    (CP-REL (WADVP-1 0)
                                            (C as)
                                            (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                                    (BEP is)
                                                    (NP-SBJ (D +te) (QS leaste))))))
                      )
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,I.48.86)) 

Gapping and right-node raising

IP-PRN is used in some VP-conjunction and right-node raising constructions. See Sections VP CONJUNCTION and RIGHT NODE RAISING.

Bare reason adjuncts

Bare reason adjuncts are labelled IP-MAT-PRN.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (D +te) (N mone))
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NP (D +te) (N sunne))))
              (VBP wundrie+d)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (N faire)))
              (, .)
              (IP-MAT-PRN (ADJP (ADVR swo) (ADJ fair))
                          (BEP is)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO$ ure) (NPR louerd)
                                  (NP-PRN (NPR ihesu) (NPR crist)))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,19.237))

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (NEG ne)
              (MD mei)
              (NP-ADV (Q nanes) (N weis))
              (VB Makien)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                      (ADJP (ADJ (ADJ21 lu+dere) (ADJ22 i+tonked))))
              (IP-MAT-PRN (ADJP (ADJP (ADVR se) (ADJ luueful))
                                (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                       (ADJP (ADVR se) (ADJ rewful))))
                          (BEP is)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO$ hire) (N heorte))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.165.2278)) 

Asides

Asides surrounded on both sides by parts of another clause are labelled IP-MAT-PRN.

( (IP-MAT (CONJ bote)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO here)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (BED was)
                                  (VAN accused))))
          (, ,)
          (IP-MAT-PRN (NP-SBJ (D +tat))
                      (BED was)
                      (NP-OB1 (NPR Marie) (NPR Magdeleyne)))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD (VBD asoylede) (CONJ and) (VBD excusyde))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,44.557)) 

Direct Speech (-SPE)

Full sentences of direct speech (matrix clauses, imperatives and direct questions) are given the extended label -SPE. The first main clause following a verb of saying is included in the main clause. Any following main clauses are separated as usual, but labelled -SPE. See also Section CONJOINED DIRECT SPEECH.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV than))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
          (VBD seyde)
          (PP (P unto)
              (NP (D that) (N knyght)))
          (, ,)
          (' ')
          (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-VOC (N Sir))
                      (, ,)
                      (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
                      (VBP nedith)
                      (NEG nat)
                      (NP-OB2 (PRO you))
                      (IP-INF-SPE-1 (TO to)
				    (VB put)
				    (NP-OB1 (PRO me))
				    (PP (P to)
					(NP (QP (Q no) (QR more))
					    (N payne)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,47.1541)) 
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ for)
              (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
              (VBP semyth)
              (NEG nat)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO you))
              (IP-INF-SPE-1 (TO to)
			    (VB spede)
			    (ADVP-LOC (ADV $there)
				      (CP-REL-SPE (WADVP-2 0)
						  (C $as)
						  (CODE {TEXT:thereas})
						  (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP-LOC *T*-2)
							      (NP-SBJ (Q all) (D thes) (OTHER othir) (NS knyghtes))
							      (HVP have)
							      (VBN fayled)))))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,47.1542)) 

Any sentence containing a parenthetical HE SAID, etc. is labelled -SPE at the highest level.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (ADVP (ADV Well))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (MD shall)
              (VB ordayne)
              (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
			  (VB wythstonde)
			  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ hys) (N malice)))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,45.1487)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO Hit))
              (BEP is)
              (NP-OB1 (N trouthe))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Launcelot)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,180.2423)) 

Speech or any kind of quoting of less than a full sentence is labelled QTP. See Section QUOTATION PHRASE.

Non-nominal left-dislocation (-LFD)

When non-nominal categories are left-dislocated and associated with a resumptive element, they are treated in the same way as left-dislocated NPs (see Section LEFT-DISLOCATED NP).
( (IP-MAT (ADVP-LOC-LFD (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV where))
                                (C 0)
                                (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                        (NP-SBJ (Q moche) (N turmentynge))
                                        (BEP is)
                                        (PP (P by)
                                            (NP (N affliccyon)))
                                        (PP (P in)
                                            (NP (N flesshe))))))
          (, ,)
          (ADVP-LOC-RSP (ADV there))
          (BEP is)
          (, /)
          (NP-SBJ (QP (Q litel) (CONJP *ICH*-2))
                  (ADJ flesshly) (N delectacyon)
                  (CONJP-2 (CONJ or)
                           (Q noon)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR4,11.291))
 
( (IP-MAT (LB |)
          (PP-LFD (ADV Rihht)
                  (P o)
                  (NP (D +tatt) (N da+g+g)
                      (CP-REL (WADVP-1 0)
                              (C +tatt)
                              (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (NPR Crist))
                                      (BED wass)
                                      (PP (P off)
                                          (LB |)
                                          (LB |)
                                          (NP (NP-MSR (NUM Fowwerrti+g) (NS da+ghess))
                                              (N elde)))))))
          (, ,)
          (LB |)
          (LB |)
          (PP-RSP (ADV Rihht)
                  (P o)
                  (NP (D +tatt) (N da+g+g)))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO +te+g+g))
          (VBD brohhtenn)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO himm))
          (LB |)
          (LB |)
          (PP (P Wi+t+t)
              (NP (N lac)))
          (PP (P till)
              (NP (NPR$ Godess) (N allterr)))
          (E_S ;)
          (LB |))
  (ID CMORM,I,267.2181))

(NODE (IP-SUB (PP (P +tah)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
                                  (ADJP (ADJ cwic))
                                  (BEP beo)
                                  (VAN forbearnd)
                                  (NP-ADV (CONJ ba+de) (N lim) (CONJ &) (N li+d))
                                  (PP (P $i)
                                      (NP (VAG $leitinde) (CODE {TEXT:ileitinde}) (N leie))))))
              (, .)
              (NEG+MD Nulle)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
              (NP-OB1 (PRO +te))
              (PP (ADV+P her-onont))
              (, .)
              (PP (VBP-LFD +treate)
                  (P se)
                  (CP-ADV (WNP-2 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                                  (VBP-RSP +treate))))
              (VB (VB buhe) (CONJ ne) (VB beien)))
      (ID CMJULIA,99.63))

( (IP-MAT (CP-THT-LFD (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
                              (PP (P wid)
                                  (NP (PRO +taim)))
                              (MD may)
                              (VB ga)))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR god))
          (VBP gif)
          (NP-OB1-RSP (PRO it))
          (NP-OB2 (PRO us))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBENRUL,5.119))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (CP-QUE-LFD-SPE (WQ whe+ter)
			      (C +tat)
			      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
					  (MD shal)
					  (VB (VB ascape) (CONJ or) (VB dye))))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P at)
                  (NP (NPR$ Godes) (N wil)))
              (CODE )
              (MD most)
              (NP-SBJ-RSP (PRO hit))
              (BE be)
              (E_S .)
              (" "))
  (ID CMBRUT3,107.3226))

Unknown (X)

The label X is used to mark of parts of the sentence which are ungrammatical, or of which the structure is unknown. Inside a constituent labelled X, words are usually labelled and partial structure may be given where this is clear. The parts, however, do not form a coherent whole.
(NODE (X (ADJ utwart)
         (PP (P wi+d)
             (NP (PRO$ hire) (N heorte)))
         (, .)
         (PP (P as)
             (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
                     (C 0)
                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP-1 (PRO hit))
                             (VBP (VBP21 bi) (VBP22 time+d))
                             (ADVP-TMP (ADV eauer))
                             (NP-MSR (QS mest)))))
         (, .)
         (C +tt)
         (VBP gan)
         (NP (D +te) (NS wittes))
         (RP ut))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.133.1764)) 

( (X (QP (ADVR zuo) (Q moche))
     (, /)
     (C +tet)
     (PP (P to)
         (NP (D +te) (N herte)
             (, /)
             (PP (P of)
                 (NP (D +te) (ADJ enuious)))))
     (, /)
     (NP (NS +to+gtes) (ADJ uenimouses)
         (, /)
         (PP (P of)
             (NP (ADJ uals) (N dom))))
     (, /)
     (CP-DEG (C +tet)
             (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
                     (NEG ne)
                     (NP-OB1 (PRO hise))
                     (MD may)
                     (VB telle)))
     (E_S .))
  (ID CMAYENBI,27.421)) 

X is also used when the category of a constituent is unknown in general or is difficult to label in a specific context.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (QP (ADVR so) (Q meny))
                  (CP-DEG *ICH*-1))
          (BED were)
          (VAN slayne)
          (, ,)
          (PP (X what)
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (ONE o) (N side)))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (PP (P in)
                         (NP (D +tat) (OTHER o+tere)))))
          (, ,)
          (CP-DEG-1 (C +tat)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                            (BED was)
                            (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N pite)
                                    (CP-TMC (WNP-2 0)
                                            (IP-INF (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                                            (TO to)
                                                            (VB wete))
                                                    (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                                           (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                                                   (TO to)
                                                                   (VB seen))))))))
          (E_S .)) (ID CMBRUT3,87.2622))

X is used at the word level to indicate that the word should be omitted because it does not fit the syntax of the clause.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (X +tet)              <--- mistranslation by Dan Michel
          (, /)
          (PP (P yef)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                              (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
                              (NEG ne)
                              (BEP is)
                              (NEG na+gt)
                              (ADJP (ADJ wor+t)))))
          (, :)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
          (VBP zay+t)
          (, .)
          (' ')
          (IP-IMP-SPE (VBI (VBI eth) (, /) (CONJ an) (VBI drink))
                      (PP (P ase)
                          (NP (D +te) (ADJ ilke))))
          (E_S /)) (ID CMAYENBI,54.977))