John Stewart, Olivier Gapenne, Ezequiel A. Di Paolo.
Enaction: toward a new paradigm for cognitive science.
MIT Press. 2010
This book presents the framework for a new, comprehensive approach to cognitive science.
The proposed paradigm, enaction, offers an alternative to cognitive science’s
classical, first generation Computational Theory of Mind (CTM).
Enaction, first articulated by Varela, Thompson, and Rosch in
The Embodied Mind (MIT Press, 1991),
breaks from CTM’s formalisms of information processing and symbolic representations
to view cognition as grounded in the sensorimotor dynamics of
the interactions between a living organism and its environment.
A living organism enacts the world it lives in;
its embodied action in the world constitutes its perception
and thereby grounds its cognition.
Enaction offers a range of perspectives on
this exciting new approach to embodied cognitive science.
Some chapters offer manifestos for the enaction paradigm; others address specific areas of research, including artificial intelligence, developmental psychology, neuroscience, language, phenomenology, and culture and cognition. Three themes emerge as testimony to the originality and specificity of enaction as a paradigm: the relation between first-person lived experience and third-person natural science; the ambition to provide an encompassing framework applicable at levels from the cell to society; and the difficulties of reflexivity. Taken together, the chapters offer nothing less than the framework for a far-reaching renewal of cognitive science.