Description of graph: Cross-sectional studies

This is a bar chart showing percentage reporting cough by parents' smoking (neither, one, both) and within that child's smoking (never, occasional, once per week or more).

Parents' smoking has a small effect on reported cough, more coughs when parents smoke. Children's smoking has a very large effect, more coughs when child smokes once per week or more.

Each effect is independent of the other">

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This page maintained by Martin Bland.
Last updated: 17 October, 2003.