SESSION 15		UNIX SUMMARY


1. UNIX commands:


cal month year			displays days/dates of month/year
cat files			concatenate and display files
cd directory			change directory
cd ..				change directory to parent directory
chmod who op pathname		change files or directory permissions
cp oldfile newfile		copy files
date				displays current date and time
echo arguments			output arguments
exit				logoff command for some systems
grep pattern files		search files for pattern
lpr -Pprinter files		print specified files on printer
logout				logoff command for some systems
ls [-ldaF] [files]		list information about files
mail [login_id]			read and send mail
man command			display on-line manual pages about command
mkdir directory			creates a new directory
less file			display files a screenful at a time
mv oldfile newfile		rename a file (and possibly move it somewhere
				else in the filesystem)
passwd				change or assign a password
pwd				print working directory
rm files			remove (delete) files [-i option asks for 
				confirmation]
rmdir directory			remove an empty directory
sort files			sort the specified files
vi file				edit a file using the visual screen editor
wc files			counts lines, words, characters
who				display the users who are logged-on


2. Shell commands:

command < file			redirect the standard input from file
command > file			redirect standard output to file
command >> file			redirect standard output, append to file
command1 | command2		pipe standard output of command1 to standard
				input of command2


3. Various:

.				working directory
..				parent directory to working directory
~				home directory
/				root directory
*				wildcard standing for any string of characters
?				wildcard standing for any single character


4. vi commands:  (as we are using `notepad' this section can be skipped)

Starting vi:

		vi filename		create or edit a file

Leaving vi:

		:wq filename		saves changes and quits
		:q!			quit without saving changes

Saving and reading files:

		:w			save changes and return to editing
		:w filename		write changes to new filename
		:r filename		read text from file into current file

Inserting text:

		a			append after cursor
		A			append to end of current line
		i			insert before cursor
		I			insert at beginning of current line
		o			open new line below current line
		O			open new line above current line

Changing text:

		x			*delete a character
		dw			*delete a word
		dd			*delete a line
		r			replace current character
		u			undo previous command

[* indicates commands that can be preceded by a number to indicate repetition.]



END OF SESSION 15					file: summary15
