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John A. Clark, Jeremy L. Jacob, Susan Stepney.
Secret Agents Leave Big Footprints: how to plant a cryptographic trapdoor, and why you might not get away with it.

In E. Cantú-Paz, J. A. Foster, K. Deb, L. D. Davis, R. Roy, U.-M. O'Reilly, H.-G. Beyer, R. Standish, G. Kendall, S. Wilson, M. Harman, J. Wegener, D. Dasgupta, M. A. Potter, A. C. Schultz, K. A. Dowsland, N. Jonoska, J. Miller (eds). Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: GECCO 2003, Chicago, USA, July 2003 . LNCS vol 2724, pp. 2022--2033. Springer, 2003

Abstract:

This paper investigates whether optimisation techniques can be used to evolve artifacts of cryptographic significance which are apparently secure, but which have hidden properties that may facilitate cryptanalysis. We show how this might be done and how such sneaky use of optimisation may be detected.

Full paper : PDF 186K 

@inproceedings(SS-GECCO-03b,
  author = "John A. Clark and Jeremy L. Jacob and Susan Stepney",
  title = "Secret Agents Leave Big Footprints:
          how to plant a cryptographic trapdoor,
          and why you might not get away with it",
  pages = "2022--2033",
  crossref = "GECCO-03II"
)

@proceedings(GECCO-03II,
  title = "Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference:
           GECCO 2003, Chicago, USA, July 2003",
  booktitle = "Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference:
               GECCO 2003, Chicago, USA, July 2003",
  editor = "E. Cant{\'{u}}-Paz and J. A. Foster and K. Deb and L. D. Davis
            and R. Roy and U.-M. O'Reilly and H.-G. Beyer and R. Standish
            and G. Kendall and S. Wilson and M. Harman and J. Wegener
            and D. Dasgupta and M. A. Potter and A. C. Schultz
            and K. A. Dowsland and N. Jonoska and J. Miller",
  series = "LNCS",
  number = 2724,
  publisher = "Springer",
  year = 2003
)