This volume describes how state-of-the-art models can simulate the past, present and future climates of the Near East, reviews and provides new evidence for environmental change from geological deposits, builds hydrological models for the River Jordan and associated wadis and explains how present-day urban and rural communities manage their water supply. It demonstrates how the theories and methods of meteorology, hydrology, geology, human geography and archaeology can be integrated to generate new insights, not only into the past, from the hunter gatherers of the Pleistocene to classical civilisation, but also into the present and future. As such, it is an invaluable reference for researchers and advanced students concerned with the impacts of climate change and hydrology on human society, especially in the Near East.