Why have large-scale schemes to improve the human condition
in the twentieth century so often gone awry?
James C. Scott analyzes diverse failures in high-modernist,
authoritarian state planning—collectivization in Russia,
the building of Brasilia, compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania,
and others—and uncovers conditions common to all such planning disasters.
What these failures teach us, he argues, is that any centrally managed
social plan must recognize the importance of local customs
and practical knowledge if it hopes to succeed.