The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, Second Edition

Syntactic Annotation, Detailed Table of Contents


Annotation, Main Table of Contents

Annotation, General Introduction

Part-of-Speech Annotation, Table of Contents

Syntactic Annotation, Brief Table of Contents


Internal structure of phrases (nonclausal)

Adverb Phrase (ADVP)

Modifiers of adverbs
Complements of adverbs
Adverbial free relatives

Adjective Phrase (ADJP)

Modifiers of adjectives
Comparative adjectives
Comparative adjectives in copular constructions
Comparative adjectives in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction
(THE) MORE, (THE) LESS
Superlative adjectives
Complements of adjectives
NP complements of adjectives
PP complements of adjectives
Clausal complements of adjectives
SUCH

Quantifier Phrase (QP)

Combinations with EVER
Phrasal modifiers of QP
ALRE plus superlative
Quantifier phrases as Measure NPs

Number Phrase (NUMP)

Number phrases as NPs

Noun Phrase (NP)

NPs headed by nouns and pronouns
NPs with empty heads
The words ONE and OTHER
Noun compounds
Comparative adjectives labelled as NPs
Superlative adjectives labelled as NPs
Modification of nouns
Noun modification by adjectives
Noun modification by numbers
Noun modification by quantifiers
Noun modification by measure phrases
Noun modification by possessive NPs (NP-POS)
NP complements of nouns (NP-COM)
NP-COM with NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, SIDE
NP-COM with KIND
NP-COM in place of an OF-phrase
Quantifiers with genitive complements
Superlative adjectives with genitive complements
Post-nominal modifiers
PPs
Relative clauses
Reduced relative clauses
Appositives and parentheticals
Scrambling out of NPs

Prepositional Phrase (PP)

Prepositions taking NP complements
Pre-head complements in PPs
Scrambling of PP complements
Prepositions taking clausal complements
Prepositions with a demonstrative plus clause or NP
FORWHI plus clause
Prepositions with other complements
Specifiers of PPs
Fronting in subordinate clauses
Dative of possession in specPP
Treatment of individual words
(THE) WHILE
FOR (Preposition)
SO THAT
BECAUSE
FOR AS MUCH AS, IN SO MUCH AS/THAT, etc.

Conjunction Phrase (CONJP)

Conjunction of phrases
Shared modifiers

WH-phrases

WADJP
WADVP
WNP
WPP
WQP

Conjunction

Empty Categories

Empty subjects
Subjects elided under conjunction (NP-SBJ *con*)
Empty expletive subjects (NP-SBJ *exp*)
Presentational clauses
Extraposed subject clauses
Impersonal constructions
Arbitrary PRO in ECM infinitive (NP-SBJ *arb*)
Other empty subjects (NP-SBJ *pro*)
Traces
Wh-traces
Movement of nonphrasal categories
The BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAVE I NONE construction
Stylistic fronting of quantifiers
Traces of A'-movement
Traces of A-movement
Other empty categories
Empty wh-phrases and complementizers
A generic empty category (X *)
Verbs elided after modals
Elided FOR and TO in conjoined infinitives
Unexpressed verbs of motion
Missing copula
Probable errors
Deletion of stranded prepositions
The position of empty categories
Empty elements of the verbal complex
Position of empty subjects
The position of traces
Traces in IP and ADJP
Traces in NP, PP and ADVP
Resumptive elements
Resumptive pronouns
Resumptive prepositions
Empty objects

Internal Structure of Clauses

Internal structure of matrix clauses (IP-MAT)
Imperatives
Internal structure of subordinate clauses (CP)
Non-wh CPs
The specCP position
ALL BE IT, etc.
Wh-CPs

Noun Phrase (NP)

Subject (NP-SBJ)
Presentational THERE
Expletive presentational subject
Expletive IT
Empty expletive IT
Constructions with WOE, NEED, SHAME
First Object (NP-OB1) and Second Object (NP-OB2)
Verbs with a single NP object
NP-OB1 with monotransitive verbs
NP-OB1 with verbs meaning LIKE, LACK, NEED
Copular constructions
NP-OB1 in copular constructions
NP-OB2 in copular constructions
Cases in which a single NP is NP-OB2
NP-OB2 with impersonal verbs
NP-OB2 with cognate object verbs
NP-OB2 with verbs of motion and other intransitives
NP-OB2 with passives
NP-OB2 with DO SO
NP-OB2 when a thematically necessary first object is missing
Ditransitive verbs with two NP objects
Class I ditransitives
Class II ditransitives
NP-OB1 + CLAUSE
NP-OB1+CLAUSE with non-ditransitives
NP-OB1+CLAUSE in complex predicates
NP-OB1+CLAUSE with Class I ditransitives
NP-OB2 + CLAUSE
NP-OB2+CLAUSE with Class II ditransitives
Dative of possession (NP-DPS)
Measure Phrase (NP-MSR)
Measure phrases of time
Measure phrases of distance
FROM ... TO
Measure phrases of degree
Locative NP (NP-LOC)
Temporal NP (NP-TMP)
Points in time
Frequency
Directional NP (NP-DIR)
Non-argument reflexive (NP-RFL)
Left-dislocated NP (NP-LFD)
Left-dislocation in CPs
NP Adverb (NP-ADV)
Adverbial free relative clauses
Phrases like EACH IN HIS OWN WAY
Phrases like HAND AND FOOT, BODY AND SOUL, etc.
THE LONGER THE WORSE, EVER LONGER THE MORE
HIM ANE, etc.
FACE TO FACE
Adverbial genitives
WILLES, WILLES AND WALDES
Phrases headed by (UN)+TONC(ES)
Phrases headed by WISE
Phrases headed by GATE(S)
NEDE(S)
SOMEWHAT, SOMEDEL
EAWIHT, NAWIHT, OUGHT, NOUGHT
NOTHING
NP secondary predicates (NP-SPR)
Vocative (NP-VOC)
Non-argument (adjunct) NP (NP-ADT)
Non-functional NP (NP)
The logical subject in presentational THERE constructions
NPs extracted from another constituent
NP complements of prepositions and adjectives
Conjoined NPs

Prepositional Phrase (PP)

Extraction from PPs

Adjective Phrase (ADJP)

Adjectival predicates
Locative adjectives
Other sentential ADJPs (ADJP-SPR)
NP complements extracted from ADJP

Adverb Phrase (ADVP)

Locative adverbs (ADVP-LOC)
Directional adverbs (ADVP-DIR)
Temporal adverbs (ADVP-TMP)
Other adverbs (ADVP)

Words Acting as Clausal Constituents

Verbs and modals
OUGHT TO
Infinitives with FOR TO
Participles
Negation
Adverbial particles
Floated quantifiers

Extended Labels

Appositive or parenthetical (-PRN)
IP parentheticals
SAID X
THAT IS
Gapping and right-node raising
Bare reason adjuncts
Asides
Direct Speech (-SPE)
Non-nominal left-dislocation (-LFD)

Types of Subordinate Clauses (CP, IP)

Adverbial clauses (CP-ADV)

Bare CP-ADV clauses
Clauses headed by the complementizer THAT
V1 conditionals
AS clauses
AS clauses without a gap
AS clauses with a gap
AS X SAID

That Clauses (CP-THT)

That clause complements
That clause complements of verbs
That clause complements of nouns
That clause complements of adjectives
Extraposed that clauses
Subject that clauses in situ
Extraposed subject that clauses
Appositive that clauses
CP-recursion

Degree Complements (CP-DEG)

Extraposed degree complements
SO ... THAT clauses
ALL THAT ... degree clauses
Degree infinitives
Degree infinitives with a gap
Complementizers in degree clauses

Comparative Clauses (CP-CMP)

Elision in comparative clauses
THE MORE THE MERRIER
AS ... SO clauses
SUCH comparatives
Postposed SUCH and other quantifiers
Comparative subdeletion
THE ... MORE comparatives
Implied comparatives

Questions (CP-QUE)

Direct questions
Indirect questions
YES/NO questions
WHETHER questions
Adverbial WHETHER questions
IF questions
Indirect question subjects in situ
Main clause questions with uninverted order
YES/NO questions with WHETHER
Echo questions
In the second conjunct of questions

Exclamations (CP-EXL)

Relative Clauses (CP-REL)

Extraposed relative clauses
SE +TE relatives
THERE AS/THAT/THERE relatives
AS relatives
AS continuative relatives

Free Relative Clauses (CP-FRL)

Wh- free relatives
Non-wh free relatives
THAT/+TE free relatives
THERE/THEN free relatives
AS free relatives
Verb fronting in free relative clauses
WHETHER free relatives

Infinitival Clauses (IP-INF)

Infinitival complements
Infinitival complements of verbs
Infinitival complements of nouns
Infinitival complements of adjectives
Extraposed infinitives
Infinitival subjects
In situ
Extraposed infinitival subjects
Wh- infinitives
Infinitival questions
Infinitival relatives
Infinitival free relatives
Infinitival relatives without introductory WH-words
Extraction out of an infinitive
Degree infinitives without a gap
Purpose infinitives without a gap
Infinitival adjuncts
Infinitives with ECM verbs
Absolute Infinitives

Infinitival Relative/Purpose Infinitive (CP-EOP)

Small Clauses (IP-SMC)

Adjunct Participial Clauses and Verbal Gerunds (IP-PPL)

Absolute Clauses (IP-ABS, IP-INF-ABS)