The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, Second Edition
Syntactic Annotation, Detailed Table of Contents
Internal structure of phrases (nonclausal)
Adverb Phrase (ADVP)
- Modifiers of adverbs
- Complements of adverbs
- Adverbial free relatives
Adjective Phrase (ADJP)
- Modifiers of adjectives
- Comparative adjectives
- Comparative adjectives in copular constructions
- Comparative adjectives in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction
- (THE) MORE, (THE) LESS
- Superlative adjectives
- Complements of adjectives
- NP complements of adjectives
- PP complements of adjectives
- Clausal complements of adjectives
- SUCH
Quantifier Phrase (QP)
- Combinations with EVER
- Phrasal modifiers of QP
- ALRE plus superlative
- Quantifier phrases as Measure NPs
Number Phrase (NUMP)
- Number phrases as NPs
Noun Phrase (NP)
- NPs headed by nouns and pronouns
- NPs with empty heads
- The words ONE and OTHER
- Noun compounds
- Comparative adjectives labelled as NPs
- Superlative adjectives labelled as NPs
- Modification of nouns
- Noun modification by adjectives
- Noun modification by numbers
- Noun modification by quantifiers
- Noun modification by measure phrases
- Noun modification by possessive NPs (NP-POS)
- NP complements of nouns (NP-COM)
- NP-COM with NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, SIDE
- NP-COM with KIND
- NP-COM in place of an OF-phrase
- Quantifiers with genitive complements
- Superlative adjectives with genitive complements
- Post-nominal modifiers
- PPs
- Relative clauses
- Reduced relative clauses
- Appositives and parentheticals
- Scrambling out of NPs
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
- Prepositions taking NP complements
- Pre-head complements in PPs
- Scrambling of PP complements
- Prepositions taking clausal complements
- Prepositions with a demonstrative plus clause or NP
- FORWHI plus clause
- Prepositions with other complements
- Specifiers of PPs
- Fronting in subordinate clauses
- Dative of possession in specPP
- Treatment of individual words
- (THE) WHILE
- FOR (Preposition)
- SO THAT
- BECAUSE
- FOR AS MUCH AS, IN SO MUCH AS/THAT, etc.
Conjunction Phrase (CONJP)
- Conjunction of phrases
- Shared modifiers
WH-phrases
- WADJP
- WADVP
- WNP
- WPP
- WQP
Conjunction
Empty Categories
- Empty subjects
- Subjects elided under conjunction (NP-SBJ *con*)
- Empty expletive subjects (NP-SBJ *exp*)
- Presentational clauses
- Extraposed subject clauses
- Impersonal constructions
- Arbitrary PRO in ECM infinitive (NP-SBJ *arb*)
- Other empty subjects (NP-SBJ *pro*)
- Traces
- Wh-traces
- Movement of nonphrasal categories
- The BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAVE I NONE construction
- Stylistic fronting of quantifiers
- Traces of A'-movement
- Traces of A-movement
- Other empty categories
- Empty wh-phrases and complementizers
- A generic empty category (X *)
- Verbs elided after modals
- Elided FOR and TO in conjoined infinitives
- Unexpressed verbs of motion
- Missing copula
- Probable errors
- Deletion of stranded prepositions
- The position of empty categories
- Empty elements of the verbal complex
- Position of empty subjects
- The position of
traces
- Traces in IP and ADJP
- Traces in NP, PP and ADVP
- Resumptive elements
- Resumptive pronouns
- Resumptive prepositions
- Empty objects
Internal Structure of Clauses
- Internal structure of matrix clauses (IP-MAT)
- Imperatives
- Internal structure of subordinate clauses (CP)
- Non-wh CPs
- The specCP position
- ALL BE IT, etc.
- Wh-CPs
Noun Phrase (NP)
- Subject (NP-SBJ)
- Presentational THERE
- Expletive presentational subject
- Expletive IT
- Empty expletive IT
- Constructions with WOE, NEED, SHAME
- First Object (NP-OB1) and Second Object (NP-OB2)
- Verbs with a single NP object
- NP-OB1 with monotransitive verbs
- NP-OB1 with verbs meaning LIKE, LACK, NEED
- Copular constructions
- NP-OB1 in copular constructions
- NP-OB2 in copular constructions
- Cases in which a single NP is NP-OB2
- NP-OB2 with impersonal verbs
- NP-OB2 with cognate object verbs
- NP-OB2 with verbs of motion and other intransitives
- NP-OB2 with passives
- NP-OB2 with DO SO
- NP-OB2 when a thematically necessary first object is missing
- Ditransitive verbs with two NP objects
- Class I ditransitives
- Class II ditransitives
- NP-OB1 + CLAUSE
- NP-OB1+CLAUSE with non-ditransitives
- NP-OB1+CLAUSE in complex predicates
- NP-OB1+CLAUSE with Class I ditransitives
- NP-OB2 + CLAUSE
- NP-OB2+CLAUSE with Class II ditransitives
- Dative of possession (NP-DPS)
- Measure Phrase (NP-MSR)
- Measure phrases of time
- Measure phrases of distance
- FROM ... TO
- Measure phrases of degree
- Locative NP (NP-LOC)
- Temporal NP (NP-TMP)
- Points in time
- Frequency
- Directional NP (NP-DIR)
- Non-argument reflexive (NP-RFL)
- Left-dislocated NP (NP-LFD)
- Left-dislocation in CPs
- NP Adverb (NP-ADV)
- Adverbial free relative clauses
- Phrases like EACH IN HIS OWN WAY
- Phrases like HAND AND FOOT, BODY AND SOUL, etc.
- THE LONGER THE WORSE, EVER LONGER THE MORE
- HIM ANE, etc.
- FACE TO FACE
- Adverbial genitives
- WILLES, WILLES AND WALDES
- Phrases headed by (UN)+TONC(ES)
- Phrases headed by WISE
- Phrases headed by GATE(S)
- NEDE(S)
- SOMEWHAT, SOMEDEL
- EAWIHT, NAWIHT, OUGHT, NOUGHT
- NOTHING
- NP secondary predicates (NP-SPR)
- Vocative (NP-VOC)
- Non-argument (adjunct) NP (NP-ADT)
- Non-functional NP (NP)
- The logical subject in presentational THERE constructions
- NPs extracted from another constituent
- NP complements of prepositions and adjectives
- Conjoined NPs
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
- Extraction from PPs
Adjective Phrase (ADJP)
- Adjectival predicates
- Locative adjectives
- Other sentential ADJPs (ADJP-SPR)
- NP complements extracted from ADJP
Adverb Phrase (ADVP)
- Locative adverbs (ADVP-LOC)
- Directional adverbs (ADVP-DIR)
- Temporal adverbs (ADVP-TMP)
- Other adverbs (ADVP)
Words Acting as Clausal Constituents
- Verbs and modals
- OUGHT TO
- Infinitives with FOR TO
- Participles
- Negation
- Adverbial particles
- Floated quantifiers
Extended Labels
- Appositive or parenthetical (-PRN)
- IP parentheticals
- SAID X
- THAT IS
- Gapping and right-node raising
- Bare reason adjuncts
- Asides
- Direct Speech (-SPE)
- Non-nominal left-dislocation (-LFD)
Types of Subordinate Clauses (CP, IP)
Adverbial clauses (CP-ADV)
- Bare CP-ADV clauses
- Clauses headed by the complementizer THAT
- V1 conditionals
- AS clauses
- AS clauses without a gap
- AS clauses with a gap
- AS X SAID
That Clauses (CP-THT)
- That clause complements
- That clause complements of verbs
- That clause complements of nouns
- That clause complements of adjectives
- Extraposed that clauses
- Subject that clauses in situ
- Extraposed subject that clauses
- Appositive that clauses
- CP-recursion
Degree Complements (CP-DEG)
- Extraposed degree complements
- SO ... THAT clauses
- ALL THAT ... degree clauses
- Degree infinitives
- Degree infinitives with a gap
- Complementizers in degree clauses
Comparative Clauses (CP-CMP)
- Elision in comparative clauses
- THE MORE THE MERRIER
- AS ... SO clauses
- SUCH comparatives
- Postposed SUCH and other quantifiers
- Comparative subdeletion
- THE ... MORE comparatives
- Implied comparatives
Questions (CP-QUE)
- Direct questions
- Indirect questions
- YES/NO questions
- WHETHER questions
- Adverbial WHETHER questions
- IF questions
- Indirect question subjects in situ
- Main clause questions with uninverted order
- YES/NO questions with WHETHER
- Echo questions
- In the second conjunct of questions
Exclamations (CP-EXL)
Relative Clauses (CP-REL)
- Extraposed relative clauses
- SE +TE relatives
- THERE AS/THAT/THERE relatives
- AS relatives
- AS continuative relatives
Free Relative Clauses (CP-FRL)
- Wh- free relatives
- Non-wh free relatives
- THAT/+TE free relatives
- THERE/THEN free relatives
- AS free relatives
- Verb fronting in free relative clauses
- WHETHER free relatives
Infinitival Clauses (IP-INF)
- Infinitival complements
- Infinitival complements of verbs
- Infinitival complements of nouns
- Infinitival complements of adjectives
- Extraposed infinitives
- Infinitival subjects
- In situ
- Extraposed infinitival subjects
- Wh- infinitives
- Infinitival questions
- Infinitival relatives
- Infinitival free relatives
- Infinitival relatives without introductory WH-words
- Extraction out of an infinitive
- Degree infinitives
without a gap
- Purpose infinitives without a gap
- Infinitival adjuncts
- Infinitives with ECM verbs
- Absolute Infinitives
Infinitival Relative/Purpose Infinitive (CP-EOP)
Small Clauses (IP-SMC)
Adjunct Participial Clauses and Verbal Gerunds (IP-PPL)
Absolute Clauses (IP-ABS, IP-INF-ABS)