Internal Structure of Phrases (Nonclausal)

Adverb Phrase (ADVP)
Adjective Phrase (ADJP)
Quantifier Phrase (QP)
Number Phrase (NUMP)
Noun Phrase (NP)
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
Conjunction Phrase (CONJP)
Interjection Phrase (INTJP)
WH-phrases
Fragment (FRAG)
Quotation Phrase (QTP)
Reference (REF)
Foreign language quotations and passages (LATIN, FRENCH, HEBREW)
Table of Contents
This section describes the internal structure of non-clausal constituents. The use of these constituents to make up a clause is described in Section INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CLAUSES. QTP, REF and LATIN/FRENCH/HEBREW, although non-linguistic, are used to label parts of the text. CODE, which is used to label editorial material, is discussed in Section PARSED FILES. Verb phrases and determiner phrases are not included in the annotation. Within non-clausal constituents, the phrasal projection of a modifier are generally only indicated when they consist of more than a single word. The purpose of the phrasal label is to indicate what the grouping of the words within the constituent is. For single words this is not necessary, and so is omitted for reasons of simplicity and time (see Section INTRODUCTION). Thus, in the following examples, the adjective GRETE, as a single-word adjective phrase is left bare, while the containing ADJP is represented in the second example, since SO GRETE is a multi-word adjective phrase.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N pitee)) <--- single word: no ADJP
      (ID CMBRUT3,61.1799)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ grete)) <--- multi-word: ADJP
              (N kyndenesse))
      (ID CMMALORY,668.4894)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJP (ADV wel) (ADJ greate)) <--- multi-word: ADJP
              (, /)
              (ADJ dyadliche) <--- single word: no ADJP
              (NS zennes))
      (ID CMAYENBI,34.586)) 

There are two exceptions to this general rule: (1) in conjoined constructions; see Section CONJUNCTION for details; and (2) when the phrasal label is not a direct projection of the word label. In the following example, (NUM half) is not further specified as a NUMP constituent because NUMP is a direct projection of NUM (nor is (ADV so) further specified as ADVP). However, the function of HALF in this constituent is indicated by the NP-MSR label, which is not a direct projection of NUM, and thus is included despite the fact that it contains a single word.
(NODE (ADVP (NP-MSR (NUM halffe))
            (ADVR so) (ADV sore))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,46.1511)) 
                                
For complements and post-modifiers, on the other hand, the phrasal level is always indicated. Thus for a single word complement the phrasal level is always indicated whether is occurs in pre- or post-head position.
(NODE (NP (D this) (N syde)
          (NP-COM (NPR$ Trente) (N watir)))
      (ID CMMALORY,19.579)) 

(NODE (NP (NUM thirty) (N coupyl)
          (NP-COM (NS houndes)))
      (ID CMMALORY,33.1049)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ ouwer)) <--- ``neither of you''
              (Q nou+der))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.43.374)) 

Adverb Phrase (ADVP)

Modifiers of Adverbs
Complements of Adverbs
Adverbial Free Relatives
Table of Contents

Adverb Phrases (ADVP) consist of an adverb head, possibly accompanied by modifiers and/or complements.

(NODE (ADVP (ADV wel))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.12))

(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV thenne))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.17))

(NODE (ADVP (ADV sodenly))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.18))

(NODE (ADVP (ADV pryvely))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.98))

(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV dayly))
      (ID CMMALORY,5.120))

(NODE (ADVP (CONJ and) (ADV righteuously) (CONJ and) (ADV worshipfully))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.180)) 

Modifiers of Adverbs

Adverbial modifiers are generally adverbs, quantifiers, or measure phrases (NP-MSR); see Section NP MEASURE PHRASE. (For types of adverb phrases (ADVP-TMP, ADVP-DIR, etc.), see Section ADVERB PHRASE.)
(NODE (ADVP (ADV passynge) (ADV sore))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.172)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADV ryght) (ADV so))
      (ID CMMALORY,15.449)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADV full) (ADV well))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.511)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR soo) (ADV sodenly))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.20)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV profitable))
      (ID CMAELR3,27.37)) 

(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV euermore) (ADV after))
      (ID CMBRUT3,65.1948)) 

(NODE (ADVP (Q all) (ADV togydirs))
      (ID CMMALORY,27.837)) 

(NODE (ADVP (Q all) (ADV uttirly))
      (ID CMMALORY,191.2819)) 

(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV sikerly))
      (ID CMMANDEV,20.473)) 

(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV esily))
      (ID CMMANDEV,35.859)) 

(NODE (ADVP (Q no) (ADVR fer+ter))
      (ID CMBRUT3,70.2120)) 

(NODE (ADVP (D +te) (QR more) (ADV ble+telaker))
      (ID CMAYENBI,69.1284)) 

(NODE (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NUM ij) (NS dayes))
                (ADV aftyr))
      (ID CMGREGOR-S0,186.1353)) 

(NODE (ADVP-DIR (NP-MSR (NUM x) (N myle))
                (ADV thens))
      (ID CMKEMPE-S0,114.2626)) 

(NODE (ADVP (NP-MSR (NUM two) (NS myles))
            (RP aboute))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,648.4229)) <---- with RP? 

Note that numbers modifying adverbs are further characterized as NP measure phrases.
(NODE (ADVP (NP-MSR (NUM halffe))
            (ADVR so) (ADV sore))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,46.1511)) 

Complements of Adverbs

Complements include PPs, comparative clauses, and degree clauses.
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV welle)
            (PP (P as)
                (NP (PRO he))))
      (ID CMMALORY,17.535)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR as) (ADV wel)
            (PP (P as)
                (NP (PRO$ her) (ADJ owne))))
      (ID CMMALORY,10.275))

(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV opynly)
            (PP (P than)
                (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                                (HVP hath)
                                (BEN bene)
                                (VAN shewed)
                                (ADVP-LOC (ADV here))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,635.3781))

(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV zuy+tere)
            (, /)
            (PP (P +tanne)
                (NP (N hors))))
      (ID CMAYENBI,61.1118)) 

(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADVR as) (ADV sone)
                (PP (P as)
                    (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                            (C 0)
                            (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
                                    (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))
                                    (VBD saw)
                                    (NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,8.232))

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV fersely)
            (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                    (C that)
                    (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                            (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS strokis))
                            (VBD $redounded)
                            (ADVP (ADV agayne))
                            (PP (P fro)
                                (NP (NP (D the) (N woode))
                                    (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                           (NP (D the) (N watir))))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,25.789))

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR as) (ADV well)
            (PP (P as)
                (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                (MD myght)
                                (VB *)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,200.3156)) 

Adverbial Free Relatives

Adverbial free relatives are labelled as ADVPs unless they function as an argument of the clause, in which case they are labelled appropriately.
(NODE (ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV where))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                                (VBP lyste))))
      (ID CMMALORY,29.912)) 

(NODE (ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV where))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                (MD myght)
                                (VB hitte)
                                (NP-OB1 (Q ony) (ADJ bare) (N place)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,191.2802)) 

(NODE (ADVP-LOC (ADV $there)
                (CP-REL (WADVP-4 0)
                        (C $as)
                        (CODE {TEXT:thereas})
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-4)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                                (MD wille)
                                (HV have)
                                (NP-OB1 (PRO it)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.74)) 

(NODE (ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV+ADV+ADV wheresomever))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                                (VBP (VBP ryde) (CONJ or) (VBP goo)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,194.2915)) 

(NODE (ADVP-DIR (CP-FRL (WADVP-2 (WADV whother))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-DIR *T*-2)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                                (VBP wolt))))
      (ID CMMALORY,663.4729))

( (IP-MAT (LB |)
          (CONJ &)
          (NP-OB1 (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (WADV wh+ar)) <--- free relative headed by
                          (C 0)                       where labelled as NP-OB1
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (MD wollde)
                                  (VAN borenn)
                                  (BE ben))))
          (LB |)
          (LB |)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO He))
          (VBD ch+as)
          (ADVP (Q all))
          (PP (P att)
              (NP (PRO$ hiss) (N wille)))
          (E_S .)
          (LB |))
  (ID CMORM,I,120.1041))

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV seo+d+den))
          (PP (P as)
              (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBD mende))))
          (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
          (NEG+HVD nefde)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (NP-OB1 (CP-FRL (WADVP-2 (WADV hwer)) <--- free relative headed by
                          (C 0)                      where labelled as NP-OB1
                          (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-2)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (MD machte)
                                  (VB huden)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N heaued)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.190.2687))

Adjective Phrase (ADJP)

Modifiers of Adjectives
Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives in copular constructions
Comparative adjectives in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction
(THE) MORE, (THE) LESS
Superlative Adjectives
Complements of Adjectives
NP complements of adjectives
PP complements of adjectives
Clausal complements of Adjectives
SUCH
Table of Contents

Adjective Phrases (ADJP) consist of an adjectival head, possibly accompanied by modifiers and/or complements.

 
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ trew))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,62.905)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ savfe))
      (ID CMSIEGE,92.691)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ drye))
      (ID CMREYNES,172.233)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJR fairir))
      (ID CMAELR4,15.404)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJS werst))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,145.3374))

Modifiers of Adjectives

Adjectival modifiers are generally adverbs, quantifiers or ADVPs (see Section ADVERB PHRASE) or NP measure phrases (NP-MSR; see Section NP MEASURE PHRASE). As usual, single word modifiers are not given a phrasal label.

(NODE (ADJP (ADV passynge) (ADJ wyse))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,2.9)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADV wonderly) (ADJ wrothe))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,2.20)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADV wood) (ADJ wrothe))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,26.798)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADV ryght) (ADJ wyse))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,34.1099)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADV well) (ADJ ware))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,35.1135)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADVR soo) (ADJ noble))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,12.342)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADVR as) (ADJ longe))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,16.492)) 

(NODE (ADJP (QS moste) (ADJ orgulus))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,43.1443)) 

(NODE (ADJP (QS moste) (ADJS shamefullyste))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,43.1448)) 

(NODE (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ hardy))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,50.1652)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADV passynge) (ADV sore))
            (ADJ seke))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,6.172)) 

(NODE (ADJP-SPR (ADVP (ADV ful) (ADV wel))
                (ADJ worthy))
      (ID CMCAPCHR-S0,249.4171)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV freoliche))
            (ADJ feire))
      (ID CMMARGA,76.351)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV preciously))
            (VAN coverde))
      (ID CMMALORY,635.3779)) 

(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (Q+WPRO somwhat))
            (ADJ syke))
      (ID CMMALORY,59.1977)) 

(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (FP but) (Q halff) (D a) (N foote))
            (ADJ brode))
      (ID CMMALORY,70.2381)) 

(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (NUMP (D a) (NUM +tousend))
                    (NS zy+te))
            (ADJR worse))
      (ID CMAYENBI,265.2557)) 

(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (NP (D a) (N fote))
                    (CONJP (CONJ &)
                           (NP (D an) (NUM half))))
            (ADJ long))
      (ID CMMANDEV,6.95)) 

When ENOUGH postmodifies an adjective, it also has a phrasal label ADVP, following the rule that single-word postmodifiers receive a phrase label.
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ bygge)
            (ADVP (ADVR ynough)))
      (ID CMMALORY-S0,14.422))

Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives accompanied by a determiner are labelled ADJP in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction and following a copular verb. In all other cases they are labelled NP. See Section COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES LABELLED AS NPs.

Comparative adjectives in copular constructions

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ oure) (N preyere))
              (MD mowe)
              (BE be)
              (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR vattere)))
      (ID CMAELR3,43.502))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (BED was)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV neuer))
          (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR wors))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMIRK,31.882)) 

(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (FOR+TO forto)
                  (BE beon)
                  (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR brichtere)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.130.1705)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N mete))
              (BEP is)
              (ADJP (D +te)
                    (ADJR $mi+gtuoller))
              (, /)
              (PP (P +tanne)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB 
                           (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                           (HVP he+t)
                           (NP-OB1 (NP (ADJR yno+g)
                                       (PP (P of)
                                           (NP (N my+gte))))
                                   (, . )
                                   (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (N norissinge)))))))))
      (ID CMAYENBI,112.2166)) 

(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (TO to)
                  (BE be)
                  (ADJP (D +te) (QR more) (ADJ obedient)
                        (PP (P to)
                            (NP (D +te) (N spirit)))))
      (ID CMAELR3,34.241)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV +tan))
              (MD schuld)
              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N kyng))
              (BE be)
              (ADJP (D +te) (QR more) (ADJ strong)
                    (PP (P ageyn)
                        (NP (D +te) (NPRS Scottis)))))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,143.3315)) 

Comparative adjectives in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ And)
              (, ,)
              (PP-PRN (P as)
                      (CP-ADV-SPE (WNP-1 0)
				  (C 0)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
					      (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ same) (NPR Senec))
					      (VBP seith))))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (ADJP-SPR (ADJP (D The) (QR moore) (ADJ cleer))
                        (CONJP (CONJ and)
                               (ADJP (D the) (QR moore) (VAG shynyng)))
                        (CP-CMP-SPE (WADJP-2 0)
				    (C that)
				    (IP-SUB-SPE (ADJP *T*-2)
						(NP-SBJ (N Fortune))
						(BEP is))))
              (, ,)
              (ADJP (ADJP (D the) (QR moore) (ADJ brotil))
                    (CONJP (CONJ and)
                           (ADJP (D the) (ADVR sonner) (VAN broken))))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
              (BEP is)
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMCTMELI,230.C1.510)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV ay))
          (ADJP-SPR (D the) (QR moore) (ADJ strong)
                    (CP-REL (WADJP-1 0)
                            (C that)
                            (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                    (NP-SBJ (D the) (N flessh))
                                    (BEP is))))
          (, ,)
          (ADJP (D the) (ADJR sorier))
          (MD may)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N soule))
          (BE be)
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTPARS,302.C1.556)) 

(NODE (IP-IMP-SPE (ADJP-SPR (D +Te) (ADJR grettyr)
                            (CP-CMP-SPE (WADJP-2 0)
					(C 0)
					(IP-SUB-SPE (ADJP *T*-2)
						    (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
						    (BEP be))))
                  (, ,)
                  (ADJP-3 (D +te) (ADJR meker))
                  (VBI make)
                  (IP-SMC-SPE (ADJP *ICH*-3)
			      (NP-SBJ (PRO +te)))
                  (PP (P yn)
                      (NP (Q all) (N +tyng))))
      (ID CMMIRK,58.1600)) 

(THE) MORE, (THE) LESS

(THE) MORE and (THE) LESS are labelled ADJP in copular constructions and NP elsewhere. See Section COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES LABELLED AS NPs.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (ADJ awen))
              (MD may)
              (VB seme)
              (ADJP (D +te) (QR lesse)))
      (ID CMEDTHOR,24.203)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ ffor)
          (NP-ADT (D +te) (QR more) (N gref)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (N mon))
                                  (HVP ha+t)
                                  (IP-INF-ADT (TO to)
                                              (VB risen)))))
          (, ,)
          (ADJP (D +te) (QR more))
          (MD schal)
          (BE ben)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (N meede))
          (PP (P +gif)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBP rise))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMEDVERN,248.343)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ &)
              (ADVP (ADV +get))
              (BEP is)
              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N sunne))
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV neuyr))
              (ADJP (D +te) (QR lesse))
              (PP (PP (P in)
                      (NP (PRO$ hys) (N hete)))
                  (CONJP (CONJ ne)
                         (PP (P in)
                             (NP (PRO$ hys) (N brytnesse)))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMKEMPE,31.691)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (PP (P for)
                  (NP (NPR gode)))
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD q+d)
                          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N meiden)))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO$ +tin) (N hearm))
              (BEP is)
              (ADJP (D +te) (QR mare))
              (, . )
              (PP (NEG Nawt)
                  (P+D for-+ti)
                  (CP-ADV-SPE (C +tt)
			      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO tu))
					  (NEG+HVP nauest)
					  (VBN iherd)
					  (PP (P of)
					      (NP (PRO him)))
					  (ADVP-TMP (ADV +gare)))))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMJULIA,100.77)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ for)
          (PP (P se)
              (CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (D+N +tehul))
                              (BEP is)
                              (ADJP (ADJR herre)))))
          (, . )
          (ADVP (ADV se))
          (NP-SBJ (D+N +tewint))
          (BEP is)
          (ADJP (ADJR mare))
          (PP (ADV+P +tron)))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.136.1795)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N dyspayre))
              (BEP ys)
              (ADJP (ADJR mare))
              (PP (P for)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D that))
                                  (BEP es)
                                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ gastelye) (N payne))))))
      (ID CMJULNOR,54.135)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ (Q nane))
              (BEP is)
              (ADJP (ADJR mare))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMJULNOR,57.194)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS spaces))
              (BEP ben)
              (ADJP (QR lesse)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,123.2975)) 

Superlative Adjectives

Superlative adjectives are labelled ADJP when alone following a copular verb, and NP if accompanied by a determiner or other modifier, or when acting as an argument. See Section SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES LABELLED AS NPs.

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ +tridde))
          (ADVP (ADV +get))
          (BEP beo+d)
          (ADJP (ADJS wurest))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.68.751)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N day))
              (BEP is)
              (ADJP (ADJS schortest)))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,107.734)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N +tyng)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                              (C +tat)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO +tai))
                                      (VBP (VBP sai)
                                           (CONJP (CONJ or)
                                                  (DO do))))))
              (BEP es)
              (ADJP (ADJS best)))
      (ID CMROLLEP,86.367)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
          (BEP is)
          (ADJP (ADJS hardest))
          (IP-INF-1 (TO to)
                    (BE be)
                    (VAN put)
                    (PP (P by)
                        (NP (D +tese)))
                    (PP (P to)
                        (NP (D +te) (N fuyr)
                            (PP (P of)
                                (NP (NPR helle))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMWYCSER,406.3238)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (BED was)
              (ADJP (ADJS eldest)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,14.408)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
          (PP (P+N for-so+te))
          (, ,)
          (NP-VOC (NPR Lord))
          (, ,)
          (BEP art)
          (ADJP (ADJS he+gest))
          (PP (P wy+t-outen)
              (NP (N ende)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMEARLPS,114.4971)) 

Complements of Adjectives

Adjectives take NP, PP and clausal complements.

NP complements of adjectives

Any bare NP (i.e., with no extended label) dominated by ADJP is a complement. If the complement is clearly a genitive it's part-of-speech label will reflect this, but it is not indicated at the phrase level. Modifying NPs (such as measure NPs) will be further characterized by an extended tag (e.g., NP-MSR).
  1. The adjectives NEAR, NIGH (and variations), LIKE, and WORTH, take bare NP complements in all periods.
    (NODE (ADJP (ADV ri+gt) (ADJ ny)
                (NP (D +te) (N+N cheke-bon)))
          (ID CMHORSES,85.11)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ ny)
                (NP (PRO$ oure) (N feyth)))
          (ID CMMANDEV,87.2158)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ nygh)
                (NP (PRO$ his) (N de+te)))
          (ID CMMIRK,93.2508)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO hire))
                (ADV swi+de) (ADJ neih))
          (ID CMVICES1,5.45)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ nyxt)
                (NP (D +tan)))
          (ID CMAYENBI,270.2725)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ nexte)
                (NP (NP (D the) (N quene))
                    (CONJP (CONJ and)
                           (NP (D the) (NS byschoppys)
                               (RRC (ADVP-TMP (ADV a-fore))
                                    (VAN sayde))))))
          (ID CMGREGOR,139.579)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJS nest)
                (NP (D +te) (ADJ hech+ge) (NPR heouene)))
          (ID CMANCRIW,II.208.2976)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
                (NP (D an) (N anvylde)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (N stele)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,7.192)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
                (NP (NUM thirty) (NS torchys)))
          (ID CMMALORY,14.409)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
                (NP (D a) (N foster)))
          (ID CMMALORY,181.2459)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ ilich)
                (NP (N pellican)))
          (ID CMANCRIW,II.103.1242)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
                (NP (NPR syre) (NPR Brastias)
                    (, ,)
                    (NP-PRN (D a) (N knyghte)
                            (PP (P of)
                                (NP (D the) (N$ dukes))))))
          (ID CMMALORY,4.80)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ worth)
                (NP (NUM ten)
                    (PP (P of)
                        (NP (D the) (N swerde)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,43.1421)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ worth)
                (NP (NUM v) (N s)))
          (ID CMGREGOR,142.625)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (Q nocht))
                (ADJ wur+d))
          (ID CMANCRIW,II.105.1289)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ wur+d)
                (NP (Q Monie) (NS bonen)))
          (ID CMANCRIW,II.211.3012)) 
    
    
  2. In early texts, some adjectives (PLEASING, OBEDIENT, etc.) which in Modern English take PP complements took (usually dative) NPs. These NPs are contained within the ADJP whether they precede or follow the head. Affected NPs are treated as separate constituents and are labelled NP-OB2. See Section FIRST OBJECT AND SECOND OBJECT.
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (NPR assur))
                (ADJ iqueme))       <--- pleasing
                (ID CMANCRIW,II.115.1451))
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ ihersum)       <--- obedient
                (NP (PRO$ his) (N cunne)))
          (ID CMLAMBX1,109.1018)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO him))
                (ADJ ibuhsum))      <--- obedient
                (ID CMLAMBX1,113.1078)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (D +de) (NPR hali) (NPR write))
                (ADJ buhsum))
          (ID CMVICES1,75.855)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ gredi)         <--- greedy 
                (NP (D +tes) (N eses)))
          (ID CMLAMBX1,123.1206)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (Q euch) (N$ godes))   <--- full of every good 
                (ADJ ful))
          (ID CMMARGA,63.137)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO it))       <--- aware
                (ADJ war))
          (ID CMPETERB,57.520)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO us))
                (ADJ biheue))       <--- appropriate, fitting
          (ID CMTRINIT,201.2786)) 
    
    

PP complements of adjectives

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ myghty)
            (PP (P of)
                (NP (NS men))))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.184)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJR fayrere)
            (PP (P +ten)
                (NP (D +te) (N sunne))))
      (ID CMAELR3,26.20)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ ware)
            (PP (P of)
                (NP (PRO$ their) (N departyng))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.19)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJ glad)
            (PP (P of)
                (NP (PRO$ their) (N comynge))))
      (ID CMMALORY,12.335)) 

Clausal complements of Adjectives

  1. infinitive complements
    
    (NODE (ADJP (D the) (ADJR gladder)
                (IP-INF (TO to)
                        (VB suffir)
                        (NP-OB1 (NP (PRO you))
                                (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                       (NP (PRO$ youre) (N oste))))
                        (IP-INF (TO to)
                                (VB com)
                                (PP (P over)
                                    (NP (D the) (N passage))))))
          (ID CMMALORY,21.630)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ redy)
                (IP-INF (PP (P with)
                            (NP (Q many) (NS knyghtes)))
                        (TO to)
                        (VB ryde)
                        (PP (P on)
                            (NP (N huntynge)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,33.1036)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ able)
                (IP-INF (TO to)
                        (HV have)
                        (VBN macched)
                        (NP-OB1 (PRO us))))
          (ID CMMALORY,57.1908)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ worthy)
                (IP-INF (TO to)
                        (VB lye)
                        (PP (P within)
                            (NP (D thys) (N+N chyrcheyarde)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,643.4030)) 
    
    
  2. that complements
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ glad)
                (CP-THT (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ hys) (NS knyghtes))
                                (BED were)
                                (VAN horsed)
                                (ADVP (ADV agayne)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,23.724)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADJ sory)
                (CP-THT (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                (HVD had)
                                (VBN displeased)
                                (NP-OB1 (NPR kynge) (NPR Arthure)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,49.1633)) 
    
    
  3. comparative complements
    (NODE (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR schorter)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                (BEP is))))
          (ID CMCLOUD,28.228)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (D the) (ADJR richer)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
                        (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                (BEP is))))
          (ID CMCTMELI,235.C1.680)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (D the) (ADJR hyer)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
                        (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                (BED were)
                                (PP (P in)
                                    (NP (D this) (ADJ present) (N lyf))))))
          (ID CMCTPARS,292.C1.153)) 
    
    
  4. degree complements
    (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ currageous)
                (CP-DEG (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ their) (NS enemyes))
                                        (VBD shooke))
                                (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                       (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                                               (VBD byverd)
                                               (PP (P for)
                                                   (NP (N egirnesse))))))))
          (ID CMMALORY,23.725)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ blody)
                (CP-DEG (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (PP (P by)
                                    (NP (PRO$ hys) (N shylde)))
                                (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there))
                                (MD myght)
                                (NP-1 (Q no) (N man))
                                (VB know)
                                (NP-OB1 (PRO hym)))))
          (ID CMMALORY,26.816)) 
    
    (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ necligent)
                (CP-DEG (C that)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                (NEG ne)
                                (VBP descharge)
                                (NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
                                (NEG nat)
                                (PP (P by)
                                    (CODE )
                                    (NP (N tyme))))))
          (ID CMCTPARS,298.C2.429))
    

SUCH

Note that the word SUCH, labelled SUCH, projects an ADJP when combined with other elements.
(NODE (ADJP (SUCH such)
            (CP-DEG (C that)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                            (MD shall)
                            (VB sle)
                            (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N man))
                            (ADVP (ADV lyghtly)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,651.4311)) 

Quantifier Phrase (QP)

Combinations with EVER
Phrasal modifiers of QP
ALRE plus superlative
Quantifier phrases as Measure NPs
Table of Contents

Quantifier phrases are headed by quantifiers. The most common modifiers are TOO, AS, and SO, which are all labelled ADVR in this context, as well in some texts OVER. Other (non-comparative) modifiers (SWI+DE, RIGHT, FULL, THUS, etc.) are labelled ADV. Non-adverbial modifiers include other quantifiers, NOT, the focus particle BUT, numbers, and THAT.

(NODE (QP (ADVR so) (Q moche))
      (ID CMMALORY,5.118)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR so) (Q few))
      (ID CMMALORY,21.637)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR as) (Q much))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.498)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR to) (Q muche))
      (ID CMAELR3,28.67)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR to) (Q litel))
      (ID CMAELR3,31.148)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR ouer) (Q moche))
      (ID CMMANDEV,26.623)) 

(NODE (QP (ADVR ouyr) (Q fewe))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,127.2931)) 

(NODE (8 QP (9 Q no) (10 QR more))
      (ID CMAELR4,6.163)) 

(NODE (9 QP (10 Q many) (11 QR moo))
      (ID CMMALORY,10.290)) 

(NODE (20 QP (21 Q much) (22 QR more))
      (ID CMMALORY,635.3797)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV nyghe) (Q halfe))
      (ID CMMALORY,190.2773)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV wel) (QR mo))
      (ID CMMANDEV,23.569)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV full) (Q many))
      (ID CMMANDEV,33.814)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV right) (Q noght))
      (ID CMMANDEV,88.2197)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV swi+de) (Q monie))
      (ID CMMARGA,92.605)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV swi+de) (Q feole))
      (ID CMKATHE,19.31)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV +tus) (Q feole))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.237.3425)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV +tus) (Q miche))
      (ID CMBRUT3,81.2468)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV+ADV well-nyghe) (Q all))
      (ID CMMALORY,643.4040)) 

(NODE (QP (NEG Not) (Q many))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,149.3485)) 

(NODE (QP (Q+WPRO somwhat) (QR moor))
      (ID CMAELR4,8.193)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (Q+N sumdele))
          (QR mor))(ID CMKEMPE,6.93)) 

(NODE (QP (FP but) (Q luytel))
      (ID CMEDVERN,256.691)) 

(NODE (QP (NUM xxxv) (QR moo))
      (ID CMGREGOR,160.760)) 

(NODE (QP (D +tet) (Q lutle))
      (ID CMMARGA,79.382)) 

(NODE (QP (D +tis) (Q lutle))
      (ID CMSAWLES,185.269)) 

(NODE (QP (SUCH suche) (QR moo))
      (ID CMPURVEY,I,47.1985)) 

More than one modifier is uncommon but appears in the (N)EVER SO... and ALL TOO/SO... constructions, as well as a few others, all of which are left flat.
(NODE (QP (ADV never) (ADVR so) (Q much))
      (ID CMMALORY,658.4555)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV neuer) (ADVR so) (Q many))
      (ID CMMANDEV,31.773)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV neuir) (ADVR sua) (Q litel))
      (ID CMBENRUL,45.1381)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV aure) (ADVR to) (Q fele))
      (ID CMVICES1,125.1547)) 

(NODE (QP (Q al) (ADVR to) (Q litel))
      (ID CMCTPARS,319.C1.1331)) 

(NODE (QP (Q al) (ADVR to) (Q muche))
      (ID CMHALI,133.78)) 

(NODE (QP (FP for+de) (ADVR swo) (Q michel)
          (PP (P a)
              (NP (Q sume) (N wise))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,133.1776)) 

(NODE (QP (NEG Noghte) (ADVR so) (Q mekill)) 
      (ID CMGAYTRY,1.9)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV fully) (ADVR as) (Q myche))
      (ID CMWYCSER,382.2810))

Combinations with EVER

EVER-EACH/EVERY is treated as a single word. EVER in combination with other quantifiers is labelled ADV.
(NODE (NP (Q (Q21 eauer) (Q22 vh))
          (N tide))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.58.158)) 

(NODE (NP (Q (Q21 eauer) (Q22 vh))
          (N ancre))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.42.366)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV euer) (Q either))
      (ID CMPURVEY,I,53.2156)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV eauer) (Q eani))
      (ID CMMARGA,72.277)) 

(NODE (QP (ADV euere) (D the) (QR mo)
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (ADJ smale) (NS fracciouns))))
      (ID CMEQUATO,18.3)) 

Phrasal modifiers of QP

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (NUM+N +trisi+te))
          (QR more))
      (ID CMAYENBI,59.1090)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (NUM hundret) (N si+de))
          (QR mare))
      (ID CMSAWLES,185.274)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (D an) (ADJ hundred-folde))
          (QR more))
      (ID CMBRUT3,114.3477)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ litil))
          (QR more))
      (ID CMBRUT3,124.3776)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (D a) (ADJ goode) (N dele))
          (QR more))
      (ID CMGREGOR,184.1318)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (ADJ hunfald))
          (QR mare))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,33.406)) 

(NODE (QP (NP-MSR (D an) (NUM C.) (NS tymes))
          (ADVR so) (Q miche))
      (ID CMBRUT3,105.3187)) 

(NODE (QP NP-MSR (NUM double))
      (ADVR so) (Q many))
(ID CMREYNAR,54.397)) 

ALRE plus superlative

In the first period (M1), the pre-head (plural) possessive quantifier ALRE, etc. in combination with a superlative adjective/adverb/quantifier or FIRST/LAST is treated as a separate word. It is labelled as a complement of the adjective/adverb/quantifier or FIRST/LAST, i.e. NP. There are a small number of cases of ALRE written together with MOST in this period which are labelled Q$+QS. See Section GENITIVE/POSSESSIVE QUANTIFIERS. In the later periods, ALRE, etc. is treated as a prefix (cf. MED alder-) and the word is labelled simply ADJS, ADVS, QS. If separated it is still treated as a single word.
(NODE (QP (NP (Q$ alre))               <--- early texts
          (QS meast))
      (ID CMKATHE,50.490)) 

(NODE (QP (Q$+QS alremest))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,49.636)) 

(NODE (ADVP (NP (Q$ alre))
            (ADV earest))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.43.380)) 

(NODE (ADVP (NP (Q$ alre))
            (ADVS best))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,7.67)) 

(NODE (ADJP (NP (Q$ alre))
            (ADJS hest))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.208.2978))

(NODE (NP-VOC (ADJS aldermy+gtfullichest))      <--- later texts
      (ID CMEARLPS,54.2353))

(NODE (ADJP (ADJS althirhegeste))
      (ID CMROLLTR,1.19))

(NODE (ADJP (ADJS al+tire-beste))
      (ID CMEDTHOR,33.429)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJS (ADJS21 al+ter) (ADJS22 best)))
      (ID CMCLOUD,79.362))

(NODE (ADJP-LOC (ADJS (ADJS21 al+ter) (ADJS22 next))
                (NP (D +te) (N kyng)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,66.1971))

Quantifier phrases as Measure NPs

At the sentential level, quantifier phrases are always further labelled as measure phrases (NP-MSR). As usual, when the QP consists of a single word, the QP label is omitted and the Q is dominated directly by the NP-MSR label.

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ But)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (VBP mervayle)
              (NP-MSR (Q muche))        <--- single word
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ thy) (NS wordis)
                      (CP-THT-SPE (C that)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
					      (MD mou)
					      (VB dye)
					      (PP (P in)
						  (NP (N batayle)))))))
              (E_S .)
              (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,35.1114)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
              (MD wille)
              (VB put)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
              (NP-MSR (QP (Q no) (QR more)))    <--- multi-word
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (N delay)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,11.304)) 

For floated quantifiers, see Section FLOATED QUANTIFIERS.

Number Phrase (NUMP)

Number phrases as NPs

A number phrase consists of either a multi-word number, or a number modified in some way. Note the lack of internal strucure when single numbers are written out in words (FOUR HUNDRED AND FOUR AND FIFTY = 454).

(NODE (NUMP (NUM fyve) (NUM hondred))
      (ID CMMALORY,11.327)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM ten) (NUM thousand))
      (ID CMMALORY,18.567)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM three) (CONJ or) (NUM four))
      (ID CMMALORY,62.2070))

(NODE (NUMP (NUM nyne) (NUM score))
      (ID CMMALORY,187.2693))

(NODE (NUMP (NUM three) (NUM score) (CONJ and) (NUM four))
      (ID CMMALORY,189.2763)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM four) (NUM hondred) (CONJ and) (NUM four) (CONJ and) (NUM
fyffty))
      (ID CMMALORY,628.3575)) 

In the phrases A HUNDRED, A THOUSAND, etc. the word A is labelled D (determiner), but is included as part of the NUMP.
        (NUMP (D a) (NUM +towsand))
As usual, single word modifiers are not given a dominating phrase, but multi-word modifiers are.
(NODE (NUMP (Q many) (D a) (NUM +tousand))
      (ID CMAELR3,51.791)) 

(NODE (NUMP (Q moni) (NUM +tusent))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.151.2049)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV a-bute) (NUM fif) (NUM hundret))
      (ID CMJULIA,120.435)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV a-bowt) (NUM v) (CONJ er) (NUM vj))
      (ID CMKEMPE,231.3803)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV scarsly) (NUM tuelf))
      (ID CMBRUT3,18.537)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV fully) (NUM iij))
      (ID CMGREGOR,161.763)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV ny) (NUM x))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,77.1363)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV ny) (D a) (NUM hundred))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,124.2811)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV passing) (NUM viii) (NUM +tousand))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,245.4081)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NEG not) (ADV passynge) (NUM vj))
      (ID CMGREGOR,219.2107)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV (ADV21 al) (ADV22 moste)) (NUM iij))
      (ID CMGREGOR,199.1611)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV rihht) (NUM sextene))
      (ID CMORM,I,16.254)) 

(NODE (NUMP (Q sume) (NUM hund) (NUM seuenti))
      (ID CMTRINIT,51.713)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM fowr) (NUM +tusent)
            (ADVP (ADV fulle)))
      (ID CMKATHE,45.403)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADVP (NEG nought) (ADV fully))
            (NUM xij))
      (ID CMGREGOR,149.644)) 

(NODE (NUMP (QP (ADVR se) (Q feole))
            (NUM +tusent))
      (ID CMKATHE,46.417))

(NODE (NUMP (QP (ADVR swo) (Q mani+ge))
            (NUM hundred))
      (ID CMVICES1,115.1394)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADVP (ADV Full) (ADV wel))
            (NUM fif) (NUM hunndredd))
      (ID CMORM,I,284.2345))

(NODE (NUMP (ADV aboute) (D an) (NUM fourty))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,165.1163))

Phrases such as AT LEAST A THOUSAND or MORE THAN A THOUSAND are also labelled as NUMP.
(NODE (NUMP (QR more)
            (PP (P +tan)
                (NP (NUM v))))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,157.3683)) 

(NODE (NUMP (QR more)
            (PP (P than)
                (NP (NUM thre))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.91)) 

NUMP is used rather loosely in some instances to contain numerical constituents of unclear structure.
(NODE (NUMP (NUM seoue)         <--- 7 x 10
            (PP (P si+de)
                (NP (NUM tene))))
      (ID CMJULIA,123.483)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM fif)
            (PP (P si+de)
                (NP (NUM tene))))
      (ID CMKATHE,31.194)) 

(NODE (NUMP (NUM syx)
            (PP (P tymys)
                (NP (NUM ten))))
      (ID CMMIRK,70.1905)) 

(NODE (NUMP (ADV Rihht) (NUM ehhte)
            (PP (P si+te)
                (NP (NUMP (D an) (NUM hunndredd)))))
      (ID CMORM,I,149.1233)) 

(NODE (NUMP (QP (ADV +get) (QR ma))
            (PP (P bi)
                (NP (NUM tene))))
      (ID CMHALI,144.245)) 

Number phrases as NPs

Like quantifier phrases, number phrases are always contained within an NP at the sentential level. As usual, a single word number is not further labelled NUMP, but rather dominated immediately by NP.
( (IP-IMP-SPE (PP (P a+gein)
                  (NP (ONE an)))
              (VBI +gef)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO him))
              (NP-OB1 (NUM twa))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.160.2186)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                  (VBD saugh)
                  (NP-OB1 (NUM .iij.)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,44.1076)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (HVD had)
              (NP-OB1 (NUM teen))
              (ADVP (ADV togyders)))
      (ID CMMALORY,57.1908)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
          (VBP receyueth)
          (PP (RP in) (P to)
              (NP (PRO him)))
          (NP-OB1 (NUM .xl.) (OTHER o+tere) (NS ryueres)))
  (ID CMMANDEV,5.54)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NS men))
              (VBP comen)
              (ADVP-DIR (ADV+WARD dounward))
              (NP-MSR (NUM .xvj.) (NS greces)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,46.1130)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
              (BED were)
              (NP-OB1 (NUMP (NUM fyftene) (NUM thousand)))
              (PP (P on)
                  (NP (N+N horsebacke) (CONJ and) (N foote))))
      (ID CMMALORY,18.562)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR kyng) (NPR Arthure)
                  (PP (P with)
                      (NP (D the) (NUM two) (NS kyngis))))
          (MD lette)
          (VB departe)
          (NP-OB1 (D the)
                  (NUMP (NUM seven) (NUM hondred))
                  (NS knyghtes))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (NUM two) (NS partyes)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,17.521)) 

Noun Phrase (NP)

NPs headed by nouns and pronouns
NPs with empty heads
The words ONE and OTHER
Noun compounds
Comparative adjectives labelled as NPs
Superlative adjectives labelled as NPs
Modification of nouns
Noun modification by adjectives
Noun modification by numbers
Noun modification by quantifiers
Noun modification by measure phrases
Noun modification by possessive NPs (NP-POS)
NP complements of nouns (NP-COM)
NP-COM with NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, SIDE
NP-COM with KIND
NP-COM in place of an OF-phrase
Quantifiers with genitive complements
Superlative adjectives with genitive complements
Post-nominal modifiers
PPs
Relative clauses
Reduced relative clauses
Appositives and parentheticals
Scrambling out of NPs
Table of Contents

NPs headed by nouns and pronouns

Noun phrases are headed by a nominal element, most commonly a noun or a pronoun.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (N warre))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wyf))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.8)) 

(NODE (NP (D a) (ADJ fair) (N lady))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.9)) 

(NODE (NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

NPs with empty heads

An NP with no nominal element (N, NS, NPR, PRO, etc.) is assumed to have an empty nominal head. This is not indicated in any way, however, except by the NP label. The NP may consist entirely of a demonstrative, quantifier, number, adjective, or possessive pronoun acting pronominally, or of phrases containing these elements.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D that))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.26)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D this))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.87)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q many))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.185)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q none))
      (ID CMMALORY,8.200)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q Alle) (D this))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.58)) 

(NODE (NP-MSR (ADJ long))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.62)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJ inow))
      (ID CMMALORY,28.896)) 

(NODE (NP (ADJP (ADJ hyghe) (CONJ and) (ADJ lowe)))
      (ID CMMALORY,209.3500)) 

(NODE (NP (PRO$ myn))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.56)) 

(NODE (NP (PRO$ his))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.34)) 

(NODE (NP (NUM thre))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.91)) 

(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ last))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.104)) 

(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJR wers))
      (ID CMMALORY,13.393)) 

(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ thirde))
      (ID CMMALORY,23.709)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJ same))
      (ID CMMALORY,28.873)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D a) (Q fewe))
      (ID CMMALORY,20.606)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ your) (ADJS best))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.24)) 

(NODE (NP-MSR (QP (Q no) (QR more)))
      (ID CMMALORY,11.304)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (QP (Q much) (QR more)))
      (ID CMMALORY,56.1884)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NUMP (NUM fyftene) (NUM thousand)))
      (ID CMMALORY,18.562)) 

Most commonly in such cases the head is some generic noun like ONE or THING, but it can be a specific noun usually elided under identity.

(NODE (NP (NP (D a) 
              (ADJP (ADV passyng) (ADJ true))
              (N man))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (NP (D a) (ADJ feithful))))
      (ID CMMALORY,5.139))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP (D a) (ADJ fair) (N lady))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (NP (D a)
                         (ADJP (ADV passynge) (ADJ wyse)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.9)) 

The words ONE and OTHER

The words ONE and OTHER, which have special tags applying to them alone, head NPs.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (ONE one))
      (ID CMMALORY,33.1060)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D the) (ONE one))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.34)) 

(NODE (NP (OTHER othir))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.483))

(NODE (NP (D+OTHER another))
      (ID CMMALORY,23.707)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D that) (OTHER other))
      (ID CMMALORY,15.442)) 

(NODE (NP (Q many) (OTHER other))
      (ID CMMALORY,10.299)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (QR mo) (OTHERS other))
      (ID CMMALORY,13.362)) 

Noun compounds

Normally a noun phrase will not immediately dominate more than one word labelled as a (non-genitive) noun, that is, the head. One exception to this rule is in the case of noun-noun compounds. If the compound is written together as a single word, it is tagged N+N, but if it is written as separate words, both parts are simply labelled N. In this case, both nouns are part of the head.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (N somer) (N tyme))
       (ID CMBRUT3,106.3204))

(NODE (NP-SBJ (N womman) (N thral))
       (ID CMCTPARS,317.C2.1246))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (N hede) (NS thewes))
       (ID CMGAYTRY,10.128))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (N knaue) (N child))
       (ID CMLAMB1,77.81))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D +te) (N angel) (N message))
      (ID CMAELR3,39.380))

(NODE (NP-DIR (D the) (N est) (N lyne))
      (ID CMASTRO,667.C2.146))

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N +tef) (N traitoure))
      (ID CMBRUT3,128.3854))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ hyr) (N se) (N schippe))
      (ID CMGREGOR,218.2089))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (N draught) (N brygge)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (NPR London))))
      (ID CMGREGOR,193.1488))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJ harde) (N alebastir) (N boxe)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ thyn) (N hert))))
      (ID CMAELR4,20.560))

Note that proper names are treated as compounds, as are similar non-proper forms of address such as SIR KNIGHT.
(NODE (NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NPR kynge) (NPR Uther))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.8)) 

(NODE (NP-VOC (N sire) (N kyng))
      (ID CMBRUT3,51.1502))

(NODE (NP-VOC (N Laferd) (N kyng))
      (ID CMPETERB,42.32))

(NODE (NP-VOC (N sire) (N bisshop))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,71.500))

(NODE (NP-VOC (N lord) (N emperour))
      (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,301.2205))

Finally, because of the way we handle conjunction (see Section CONJUNCTION OF SINGLE WORDS), NPs containing conjoined nouns (LORD AND MASTER, etc.) will dominate more than one N, each of which is a head. In the small number of cases where there is no overt conjunction in these cases, a CONJP is added to make the structure clear and distinguish these cases from noun compounds.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NS abbeyes) 
              (, .) 
              (CONJP (NS priories)) 
              (, .) 
              (CONJP (NS bernes)))
      (ID CMAYENBI,30.488))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NS uileynies)
              (, /)
              (CONJP (NS ribaudyes))
              (, /)
              (CONJP (NS lecheries)))
      (ID CMAYENBI,31.512)) 

Comparative adjectives labelled as NPs

Note that comparative adjectives accompanied by a determiner may be labelled either ADJP or NP depending on use. In nominal environments (e.g. as subject, object, etc.) they are labelled NP, while in THE MORE THE MERRIER construction and following copular verbs they are labelled ADJP. See Section COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES IN COPULAR CONSTRUCTIONS and COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES IN THE MORE THE MERRIER CONSTRUCTION.
( (IP-MAT (ALSO Alse)
          (MD schal)
          (NP-SBJ (CP-FRL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +te)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (VBP schriue+d)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO him)))))
          (, . )
          (PP (P efter)
              (NP (D +te) (ADJ greate)))
          (VB schuuen)
          (RP vt)
          (NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJR smelre))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.233.3353)) 

( (IP-MAT (PP (P When)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (ONE ane))
                              (VBP metis)
                              (NP-OB1 (D+OTHER a-no+tir)))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJR yunger))
          (MD sal)
          (NEG noht)
          (VB sitte)
          (PP (P bi)
              (NP (PRO hir)))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P bot)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO sho))
                              (HVP haue)
                              (NP-OB1 (N leue)))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMBENRUL,41.1312)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N man))
              (MD cou+te)
              (VB deme)
              (NP-OB1 (D +te)
                      (ADJR bettre)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (PRO ham)))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,79.2416)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV euer))
              (NP-ADT (D +te) (QR more)
                      (CP-CMP (WNP-2 0)
                              (C +tat)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO$ +ti) (N spirit))
                                      (HVP ha+t)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (N goostlines))))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-OB1 (D +te) (QR lesse))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (HVP ha+t)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (N bodelines))))
      (ID CMCLOUD,89.526)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJR stronggyr))
          (VBD eete)
          (NP-OB1 (D +te) (CODE ) (ADJR wekir))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMSIEGE,85.447)) 

In contexts where it is clear that the determiner plus comparative adjective picks out a particular entity, the phrase label is NP even with a copular verb.
But when Esav was goon, by techyng of hys modyr and sleght, Iacob +tat was
 +te +gongyr, gate hys fadyrys blessyng, (CMMIRK,93.2510)

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
              (BED was)
              (NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJR +gongyr)))
      (ID CMMIRK,93.2510)) 

Superlative adjectives labelled as NPs

Superlative adjectives accompanied by a determiner or possessive are always labelled as NPs.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJ attri))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJS wurste)) <--- D + ADJS labelled NP
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.66.691)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJS beste))
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV +tenne))
          (, . )
          (VBP schawen)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO hit))
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV anan))
          (RP vte)
          (PP (P wi+d)
              (CODE {TEXT:vtewi+d})
              (NP (N schrift)))
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (D +te) (N preost)))
          (E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.176.2462)) 

When a superlative adjective alone clearly picks out a particular entity, it is labelled NP even with a copular verb.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (ADVP (ADV so))
          (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N secte))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (ADJS best)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (Q any) (N man))
                                  (MD may)
                                  (HV haue))))
          (PP (P si+t)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Crist)
                                      (, ,)
                                      (ADJP (ADJ almy+gty))
                                      (, ,)
                                      (ADJP (Q al) (ADJ witty)
                                            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                                   (NP (Q al) (ADJ willeful)))))
                              (, ,)
                              (VBD ordeynyd)
                              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N secte))
                                      (ADJP (ADJ couenable)
                                            (PP (P for)
                                                (NP (Q eche) (N man))))))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMWYCSER,265.698)) 

Modification of nouns

NPs are premodified by adjective phrases (ADJP), number phrases ( NUMP), quantifier phrases (QP), possessive NPs (NP-POS) and measure phrases (NP-MSR). As always, only constituents consisting of more than one word are given phrasal brackets.

Noun modification by adjectives

(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJ solitarye) (N lyf))
      (ID CMAELR3,26.5)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D a)
              (ADJP (ADV passyng) (ADJ good))
              (N woman))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.15)) 

Adjectives can postmodify, as well as premodify, the noun, in which case, like all post-modifiers, they are given a phrasal label.
(NODE (NP (NPR God) 
          (ADJP (ADJ almyghty)))
      (ID CMMIRK,126.3381)) 

(NODE (NP (D +te) (NUM fyue) (NS wondys)
          (ADJP (ADJ principale))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (PRO$ hys) (N body))))
      (ID CMMIRK,126.3390)) 

(NODE (NP (D an) (N offryngge)
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (NPR God)))
          (ADJP (ADJ vre) (CONJ and) (ADJ liberal)))
      (ID CMAELR3,26.8)) 

Noun modification by numbers

Note that number and quantifier phrases are not further specified as measure phrases within the NP.
(NODE (NP (D the) (NUM four) (NS Evangelistes))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.73)) 

(NODE (NP (NUMP (D a) (NUM hundrez))
          (N sep))
      (ID CMBENRUL,22.762)) 

(NODE (NP (NS lotess)
          (NUMP (NUM fowwre) (CONJ &) (NUM twennti+g)))
      (ID CMORM,I,14.239)) 

Noun modification by quantifiers

(NODE (NP (Q all) (NPR Englond))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (QP (ADVR to) (Q mech))
              (N wyn))
      (ID CMKEMPE,69.1564))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO hem)
              (QP (Q alle)))
         (ID CMAELR3,42.459))

(NODE (NP (PRO$ his) (NS feola+ges) 
          (QP (Q alle)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.160.2190)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (N fruyt)
              (QP (ADVR as) (Q mony))
              (PP (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (WNP-5 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-4 *exp*)
                                  (BED wer)
                                  (NP-4 (NP-MSR *T*-5)
                                        (NS sterres)
                                        (PP (P of)
                                            (NP (NPR Heuen))))))))
      (ID CMMIRK,77.2054)) 

Noun modification by measure phrases

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP-MSR (NUM fyftene) (NS dayes))
              (N journey))
      (ID CMMALORY,62.2091)) 

(NODE (NP (NP-MSR (QP (ADV ny) (Q al)))
          (D +te) (N cuntre')
          (PP (P aboute)
              (NP (NPR Rome))))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,85.1599)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q any) (ADJ longe) (NS pykys)
              (NP-MSR (NUMP (ADV passynge) (NUM ij))
                      (NS yenchys)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (N lengthe)))))
      (ID CMGREGOR,238.2603)) 

Noun modification by possessive NPs (NP-POS)

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wyf))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.8)) 

(NODE (NP-PRN (NPR$ Godis) (N uoice))
      (ID CMBENRUL,2.13)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NPR$ Sylveynes) (N sone))
      (ID CMBRUT3,6.121)) 

(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D a) (N$ beggars))
          (N aray))(ID CMMALORY,3.49)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-POS (NPR kyng) (NPR$ Uthers))
              (NS men))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.167)) 

When the possessive is not grouped with a preceding word within the NP, the preceding word is a modifier of the genitive plus head complex, although this grouping is not indicated.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q euch) (N$ worldes) (N sauur))  <--- each [world's taste]
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.82.979))                        = each taste of the world

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D+Q alutel) (N$ windes) (N puf)) <--- a little [wind's puff]
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.186.2620))                      = a little puff of wind

(NODE (NP (D +Teose) (N$ heorte) (NS wunden)) <--- these [heart wounds]
       (ID CMANCRIW,II.201.2868))                   = these wounds of the heart

(NODE (NP-SBJ (SUCH such) (N$ worldys) (N murthe)) <--- such mirth of the world
      (ID CMMIRK,64.1739))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (OTHER o+ture) (N$ monnes) (NS wittes)) <--- all other wits of men
      (ID CMEDVERN,260.877))

Note the difference between the following two structures:
(NODE (NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ meidene) (N wombe))  <--- her [maiden's womb]
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.62.634))

(NP (NP-POS (PRO$ hire) (N$ meidene))          <--- [her maiden's] womb
    (N wombe))

NP complements of nouns (NP-COM)

All nominal complements of the head within an NP are labelled NP-COM, whether they are in pre- or post-head position, and whether they consist of one or more than one word.

NP-COM with NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, SIDE

The bare NP complement of the following nouns is always labelled NP-COM, regardless of whether or not it is genitive in form: NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, KIND, SIDE and any other noun which comes to take complements with OF in later English.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N wa)      <--- woe
                      (NP-COM *ICH*-1))
              (BEP bi+d)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO him))
              (NP-COM-1 (PRO$ hise) (N$ liues)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.142.1903)) 

(NODE (NP-1 (N neod)            <--- need
            (NP-COM (D +te) (ADJR betere) (N warde)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.44.48))

(NODE (NP-1 (Q nan) (N neod)
            (NP-COM (N medicine)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.136.1803)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q ony) (N maner) <--- manner
              (NP-COM (N metall)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,20.463)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N maner)
              (NP-COM (N harm)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,15.331)) 

(NODE (NP (D this) (N half)     <--- half
          (NP-COM (D the) (N see)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,13.268)) 

(NODE (NP (D this) (N half)
          (NP-COM (NPR damasce)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,82.2060)) 

(NODE (NP (N myddis)            <--- middle
          (NP-COM (D the) (N breste)))
      (ID CMMALORY,663.4711)) 

(NODE (NP (N myddis)
          (NP-COM (D the) (N shelde)))
      (ID CMMALORY,39.1287)) 

(NODE (NP (D this) (N syde)     <--- side 
          (NP-COM (NPR Trente) (N watir)))
      (ID CMMALORY,19.579)) 

(NODE (NP (NUM thirty) (N coupyl)
          (NP-COM (NS houndes)))
      (ID CMMALORY,33.1049)) 

NP-COM with KIND

The word KIND creates special problems. In early texts a phrase such as ALLES CUNNES PINEN ``pains of every kind'', has the following structure, where ALLES CUNNES is a genitive complement of PINEN:
(NP (NP-COM (Q alles) (N$ cunnes))
    (NS pinen))

KIND was either singular CUNNES, etc. or plural CUNNE, etc. Some texts, such as the Ormulum and the Katherine Group maintain this distinction faithfully, while others, such as Ancrene Riwle and the Trinity Homilies are less consistent, either using both CUNNES and CUNNE in the same contexts, or not following any easily discernable pattern. The Lambeth Homilies seem to use the singular form in all contexts whether singular or plural. Therefore, in first period texts, KIND is marked as singular or plural by form not context. In later texts the few examples that occur without OF are treated like MANNER (see Section NP-COM WITH NEED, WOE, MANNER, HALF, MIDDLE, SIDE).
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (Q naness) (N$ kinness))     <--- early texts
          (N shaffte))
      (ID CMORM,DED.L257.54)) 

(NODE (NP (NP-COM (Q alle)  (NS$ kinne))
          (N wise))
      (ID CMORM,I,27.323)) 

(NODE (NP (NP-COM (NUM ni+ghenn) (NS$ kinne))
          (N +teode))
      (ID CMORM,I,34.375)) 

(NODE (NP (NP-COM (NUM +treo) (N$ cunes))
          (NS wepnes))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.51.461)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP-COM (D +Dese) (NUM fower) (NS$ kinne))
              (NS teares))(ID CMTRINIT,151.2019)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (NUM Fuwer) (N$ kinnes))
              (NS men))
      (ID CMTRINIT,123.1646)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N kynne)                  <--- later texts
              (NP-COM (N vertew)))
      (ID CMWYCSER,370.2575)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N kynne)
              (NP-COM (N +ting))
              (PP (P but)
                  (NP (PRO hym))))
      (ID CMWYCSER,370.2590)) 

NP-COM in place of an OF-phrase

In early texts, genitive NPs are commonly used where Modern English would use an OF-phrase. These are always treated as complements.
(NODE (NP (N gewittnysse)
          (NP-COM (NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ m+age+dhades))
                  (CONJP (CONJ &)
                         (NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ eadmodnysse)))))
      (ID CMKENTHO,135.29)) 

(NODE (NP (N m+aigne)
          (NP-COM (ADJ unw+ammes) (N$ m+age+dhades)))
      (ID CMKENTHO,134.22)) 

(NODE (NP (N moder)
          (NP-COM (NP-COM (D +te) (ADJ ilke) (N$ zodes))
                  (, /)
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (NP-COM (PRO$ oure) (NPR$ lhordes)
                                     (NP-PRN (NPR iesu) (NPR$ cristes)))))))
      (ID CMAYENBI,266.2603)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q sum) (N d+al)
              (NP-COM (PRO$ heora) (N$ gewilles)))
      (ID CMKENTHO,143.224)) 

(NODE (NP-TMP (D +t+as) (ADJ formeste) (N d+a+ges)
              (NP-COM (D +t+are) (N$ wuca)))
      (ID CMKENTHO,144.258)) 

Quantifiers with genitive complements

In early texts, quantifiers often take bare genitive NP complements. When these are pronouns (or single words) they commonly precede the quantifier.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q nan)
              (NP-COM (D +ter) (NS$ +tinge)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                              (C +te)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                      (VB leten)
                                      (MD solde)))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,219.3049)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q summe)
              (NP-COM (PRO$ +tine) (NS$ sunna)))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,37.467)) 

(NODE (NP-POS (NP-COM (PRO$ hare))     <--- all of them
              (Q$ alre))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.64.215)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ ouwer))    <--- either of you
              (Q nou+der))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.43.374)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ inker))    <--- either of us
              (Q ei+ter))
      (ID CMHALI,151.324)) 

(NODE (NP-PRN-4 (NP-COM (PRO$ here))   <--- every[one] of them
                (Q euerich))
      (ID CMKENTSE,220.181)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ heor))     <--- each of them
              (Q $elc))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,89.744)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ heore))    <--- none of them
              (Q nan))
      (ID CMLAMBX1,93.817)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ her))      <--- neither of them
              (Q nou+ter))
      (ID CMPETERB,58.567)) 

Superlative adjectives with genitive complements

Again in early texts, nouns modified by superlative adjectives (and superlative adjectives with a determiner) often take a genitive complement, which may precede or follow the head. The complements of superlative adjectives labelled ADJP rather then NP, are labelled only NP (not NP-COM; see Section SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES.
(NODE (NP-1 (D +te)
            (NP-COM (Q$ alre))
            (ADJS unwur+teste) (N wig))
      (ID CMTRINIT,89.1185)) 

(NODE (NP-PRN (ADJS hegest)
              (NP-COM (Q$ alre))
              (N lor+tew)
              (PP (P after)
                  (NP (PRO$ ure) (NPR helende)
                      (NP-PRN (N seluen)))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,153.2043))

(NODE (NP-OB1 (D +te)
              (NP-COM (Q$ alre)
                      (CP-REL *ICH*-3))
              (ADJS wiseste)
              (CP-REL-3 (WNP-4 0)
                        (C +te)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-4)
                                (VBP wune+d)
                                (PP (P bi)
                                    (NP (N westen))))))
      (ID CMKATHE,28.141))

Post-nominal modifiers

Post-nominal modifiers are attached as high as possible.

PPs

(NODE (NP (D the) (NS dayes)
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (N kynge)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (Q all) (NPR Englond))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (NP (NP (D the) (N Resurreccion))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (NP (D the) (N Passion)))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (PRO$ oure) (N Lorde)
                  (NP-PRN (NPR Jesu) (NPR Cryste)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,666.4834)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP (D a) (ADJ ryche) (N bedde))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (NP (D a) (ADJ fayre)))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P as)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (N cloth)
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (N sylke) (CONJ and) (N golde)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,660.4610)) 

Relative clauses

For the internal structure of relative clauses, see Section RELATIVE CLAUSES.
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJS byggest) (N castell)
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                  (C that)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                          (HVP hath))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.32)) 

(NODE (NP (PRO he)
          (CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
                  (C that)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                          (MD shal)
                          (BE be)
                          (NP-OB1 (ADJ rightwys) (N kyng)
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (D this) (N land)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,9.253)) 

(NODE (NP (D the) (N castel)
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (NPR Terrabyl)))
          (, ,)
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 (D the) (WPRO whiche))
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                          (HVD had)
                          (NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS yssues)
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NX (NS posternes))))
                          (RP oute))))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.36)) 

(NODE (NP (Q all) (D the) (NS lordes)
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (NX (NS comyns)))
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                  (C that)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                          (BED were)
                          (ADVP-LOC (ADV there)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,11.303)) 

(NODE (NP (NP (D the) (N Knyght)
              (PP (P with)
                  (NP (D the) (NUM Two) (NS Swerdis))))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (NP (PRO$ hys) (N brothir)))
          (, ,)
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO which))
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                          (BEP ar)
                          (NP-OB1 (NUM two) (ADJ mervayles) (NS knyghtes)
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (N prouesse)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,56.1873)) 

Reduced relative clauses

For the internal structure of reduced relative clauses, see Section REDUCED RELATIVES.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (N child)
              (RRC (VAN bound)
                   (PP (P in)
                       (NP (D a) (N cloth)
                           (PP (P of)
                               (NP (N gold)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.149)) 

(NODE (NP (D a) (N boye)
          (RRC (PP (P of)
                   (NP (Q no) (ADJ hyghe) (N blood)))
               (VAN borne)))
      (ID CMMALORY,10.284)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NS messyngers)
              (PP (P unto)
                  (NP (NPR kyng) (NPR Ban)
                      (CONJP (CONJ and)
                             (NX (NPR Bors)))))
              (RRC (VAN isente)
                   (PP (P frome)
                       (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Arthure)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,15.459)) 

(NODE (NP-1 (D an)
            (VAN armed)
            (N knyght)
            (RRC (VAN bounden)))(ID CMMALORY,190.2777)) 

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish reduced relatives from adjunct participial clauses (see Section ADJUNCT PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES) just as in other cases where a modifier can modify either a noun phrase or a sentence.

Appositives and parentheticals

Appositives and other parentheticals are indicated by adding -PRN to the constituent label. They follow the same attachment rules as PPs and relative clauses; that is, they are attached as high as possible.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng)
              (NP-PRN (NPR Uther)))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.41)) 

(NODE (NP-OB2 (D the) (N duke)
              (NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband)))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.17)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q al) (PRO$ your) (N hert)
              (NP-PRN (Q every) (N dele)))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.70)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (NPR god)
              (NP-PRN (PRO+N him-selfe)))
      (ID CMBENRUL,26.885)) 

(NODE (NP (D +te) (N Kyng)
          (NP-PRN (NPR Brut) (NPR Greneshal))
          (, ,)
          (NP-PRN (D +te) (ADJ ferste) (N sone)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (NPR Ebrac)
                          (NP-PRN (D the) (N kyng))))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,15.441)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N Kyng)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (NPR Fraunce)))
              (, ,)
              (NP-PRN (NPR Agampe)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,17.512)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (ADJ owen) (N cosyn)
              (, ,)
              (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                      (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                              (BED was)
                              (NP-OB1 (NP-POS (PRO$ his) (N$ Vncles))
                                      (N sone))))
              (, ,)
              (NP-PRN (D a)
                      (ADJP (ADJ noble)
                            (CONJP *ICH*-2))
                      (N kny+gt)
                      (CONJP-2 (CONJ and)
                               (ADJ stronge)))
              (, ,)
              (CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
                      (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
                              (VBD callede)
                              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
                                      (NP-OB1 (NPR Maximian))))))
      (ID CMBRUT3,42.1280)) 

Scrambling out of NPs

In NPs adjectives appear in both pre- and post-head position (see Section NOUN MODIFICATION BY ADJECTIVES). PPs, however, when they appear in pre-head position are shown to have scrambled to that position from a post-head position.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
              (MD shall)
              (VB blede)
              (PP-2 (P of)
                    (NP (PRO$ hir) (N bloode)))
              (NP-OB1 (D a) (N sylver) (N dysshefull)
                      (PP *ICH*-2)))
      (ID CMMALORY,62.2061)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ ouerthwart) (N piece))
          (BED was)
          (PP-1 (P of)
                (NP (N lengthe)))
          (NP-OB1 (NP (NUM .iij.) (NS cybytes))
                  (CONJP (CONJ &)
                         (NP (D an) (NUM half)))
                  (PP *ICH*-1)))
  (ID CMMANDEV,8.130)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ+N halimon))
              (NEG+HVD nefde)
              (PP-1 (P of)
                    (NP (D+OTHER$ +todres) (N fal)))
              (NP-OB1 (Q nan) (ADJ wunderlich) (N (N21 ouer) (N22 ho+ge))
                      (PP *ICH*-1)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.204.2922)) 

Prepositional Phrase (PP)

Prepositions taking NP complements
Pre-head complements in PPs
Scrambling of PP complements
Prepositions taking clausal complements
Prepositions with a demonstrative plus clause or NP
FORWHI plus clause
Prepositions with other complements
Specifiers of PPs
Fronting in subordinate clauses
Dative of possession in specPP
Treatment of individual words
(THE) WHILE
FOR (Preposition)
SO THAT
BECAUSE
FOR AS MUCH AS, IN SO MUCH AS/THAT etc.
Table of Contents

PPs are headed by prepositions and take mostly NP and clausal complements. In the PPCME, subordinate clauses which begin with a subordinating conjunction are treated as PPs. The clausal complement is labelled CP-ADV for adverbial clauses and CP-CMP for comparatives. See Section PREPOSITIONS TAKING CLAUSAL COMPLEMENTS. Prepositions sometimes also take complements of other categories, notably ADVP.

Prepositions taking NP complements

(NODE (PP (P of)
          (NP (N beheste)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,1.2)) 

(NODE (PP (P for)
          (NP (NUM thre) (NS causes)))
      (ID CMASTRO,662.C1.8)) 

(NODE (PP (P to)
          (NP (D the) (ADJ rightfulle) (NS praiers)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (PRO$ his) (N frend)))))
      (ID CMASTRO,662.C1.7)) 

(NODE (PP (P by)
          (NP (N mediacioun)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (D this) (ADJ litel) (N tretys)))))
      (ID CMASTRO,662.C1.7)) 

(NODE (PP (P fro)
          (NP (PRO vs)))
      (ID CMWYCSER,I,647.3905)) 

(NODE (PP (P Thoro)
          (NP (D +tat)))
      (ID CMBENRUL,43.1347)) 

Pre-head complements in PPs

Prepositional phrases occasionally have the complement of the preposition preceding the head. This is the standard order with R-pronouns (THEREOF, THEREFORE, etc.), and not infrequent with personal pronouns and demonstratives in early texts. Occasionally noun complements also occur in this position. All these structures are treated as single constituents and no movement is indicated within the constituent. R-pronouns are labelled ADV (see Section PREPOSITION WITH R-PRONOUN). When the R-pronoun is not cliticized to the preposition, it has a phrase label (ADVP), but when cliticized to the preposition, the complex is labelled ADV+P and labelled only PP, following general principles.
(NODE (PP (ADV+P +terfore))     <--- R-pronoun
      (ID CMAELR3,27.48)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV+P herfore))
      (ID CMWYCSER,I,645.3869)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV+P +terwyth))
      (ID CMMIRK,137.3652)) 

(NODE (PP (ADVP (ADV her))
          (P toward))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.50.111)) 

(NODE (PP (ADVP (ADV +ter))
          (P fro))
      (ID CMWYCSER,I,358.2332)) 

(NODE (PP (P fro)
          (ADVP (ADV +tennys)))
      (ID CMWYCSER,379.2745)) 

(NODE (PP (P of)
          (NP (PRO hem)))       <--- personal pronoun
          (ID CMASTRO,662.C1.11)) 

(NODE (PP (P fro)
          (NP (PRO vs)))
      (ID CMWYCSER,I,647.3905)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (PRO ham))
          (P towart))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.74.851)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (PRO us))
          (P fra))
      (ID CMBENRUL,3.80)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (PRO us))
          (P inwi+d))
      (ID CMHALI,139.148))

(NODE (PP (P Thoro)
          (NP (D +tat)))        <--- demonstrative
      (ID CMBENRUL,43.1347)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (D +tat))
          (P to))
      (ID CMTRINIT,137.1837)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (D +dat))
          (P after))
      (ID CMVICES1,109.1299)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (Q All) (N+N wimmannkinn))        <--- full NP
          (P bitwenenn))
      (ID CMORM,I,86.764))

(NODE (PP (NP (NPR Godd))
          (P onn+g+aness))
      (ID CMORM,I,178.1463)) 

(NODE (PP (NP (Q all) (OTHERS othyr))
          (P wyth))
      (ID CMMIRK,61.1666)) 

Scrambling of PP complements

The complement of a preposition which has been scrambled to the left is coindexed with a trace within the PP. If the complement has only moved as far as the immediately pre-head position, it is treated as still within the PP and no movement is indicated. See Section PRE-HEAD COMPLEMENTS IN PPs. For other kinds of extraction out of PPs, see Section EXTRACTION FROM PPs.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-2 (PRO hemm))         <--- scrambled NP
              (ADVP (ADV (ADV21 +twerrt) (ADV22 ut)))
              (NP-SBJ-3 *exp*)
              (NEG nohht)
              (NEG+BEP niss)
              (PP (P off)
                  (NP *ICH*-2))         <--- trace
              (LB |)
              (LB |)
              (IP-INF-3 (TO To)
                        (VB betenn)
                        (NP-OB1 (PRO$ here) (NS sinness))))
      (ID CMORM,I,193.1582)) 

( (IP-IMP (NP-1 (Q Alle) (D +tyse))     <--- scrambled NP
          (VBI be+tenk)
          (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
          (PP (P of)
              (NP *ICH*-1))             <--- trace
          (ADVP-LOC (ADV inwardly))
          (PP (P in)
              (NP (PRO$ +tyn) (CODE ) (N herte)))
          (, ,)
          (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (Q al) (PRO$ +tyn) (N affeccioun))
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NP (Q al) (PRO$ +ty) (N loue))))
                          (MD mowe)
                          (BE be)
                          (VAN turned)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (PRO hym) (FP alone)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR3,55.883)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-1 (Q alle) (OTHERS other))        <--- scrambled NP
          (CONJ neither)
          (MD wolde)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO she))
          (VB (VB se) (CONJ ne) (VB speke))
          (PP (P with)
              (NP *ICH*-1))                     <--- trace
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR4,4.98)) 

Prepositions taking clausal complements

Prepositions take adverbial clauses (CP-ADV) and comparative clauses (CP-CMP). See also Sections ADVERBIAL CLAUSES and COMPARATIVE CLAUSES.
(NODE (PP (P whan)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (D the) (N duke))
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
                          (BED were)
                          (VBN comyn)
                          (PP (P unto)
                              (NP (D the) (N kynge))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.11)) 

(NODE (PP (P yf)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                          (MD wille)
                          (NEG not)
                          (VB Come)
                          (PP (P at)
                              (NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.24)) 

(NODE (PP (P tyll)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                          (VBP come)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (PRO yow))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.85)) 

(NODE (PP (P or)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
                          (VBD cam)
                          (PP (P at)
                              (NP (D the) (N castel)
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (NPR Tyntigail))))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.90)) 

(NODE (PP (P and)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB 
                   (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
                   (MD myghte)
                   (VB please)
                   (NP-OB2 (D the) (N kynge))
                   (IP-INF-1 (TO to)
                             (VB make)
                             (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO her))
                                     (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N quene)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.108)) 

(NODE (PP (P though)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                          (VBP ryde)
                          (PP (P on)
                              (NP (D an) (N+N hors-lyttar))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.160)) 

Prepositions with a demonstrative plus clause or NP

FOR +TI, FOR+TAN, FOR +TAT, IN +TAT, WI+T +TON, ER +TANNE, etc. are often used to introduce adverbial clauses. Originally these clauses were probably that-complements of the NP headed by the demonstrative, but their overall function is adverbial and we have annotated them as such. The demonstrative is labelled as such but no additional structure is shown. Note that occasionally the preposition plus demonstrative combination may take an NP complement.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P for) (D +ti)
              (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                              (BEP es)
                              (NP-OB1 (N vice)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (N propirte)))))))
          (, ,)
          (MD sal)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
          (BE be)
          (VAN scorn)
          (PP (P als)
              (NP (N +tifte)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMBENRUL,36.1179)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
          (BEP ben)
          (VAN tau+gt)
          (PP (P in) (D +tat)
              (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
                              (VBP seon)
                              (PP (P in)
                                  (NP (SUCH suche) (NS creatures)))
                              (NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJ wonder) (NS werkes)
                                      (PP (P of)
                                          (NP (PRO$ vre) (N Creatour)))))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMEDVERN,245.219)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (PP (P al-though)
                    (CP-ADV (C 0)
                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ her) (N communicacion)
                                            (PP (P atte)
                                                (NP (N begynnynge))))
                                    (BEP be)
                                    (PP (P of)
                                        (NP (NP (N sadnes))
                                            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                                   (NP (ADJ vertuous) (N lyuynge))))))))
                (, ,)
                (PP (P er) (D than)
                    (CP-ADV (C 0)
                            (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
                                    (VBP departe))))
                (NP-SBJ (ADJ worldly) (N daliaunce))
                (MD shal)
                (BE be)
                (VAN shewed)
                (ADVP-DIR (ADV furthe)))
      (ID CMAELR4,3.63)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &) 
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat)
                  (CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
          (BEP is)
          (NP-OB1 (N rewth))
          (CP-THT-PRN-1 (C +tat)
                        (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N mede))
                                (MD xuld)
                                (VB spede)
                                (PP (P er) (D +tan)  <--- ER +TAN + NP
                                    (NP (N trewth)))))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMKEMPE,59.1327))

In The Book of Margery Kempe, the form LES +TAN in the meaning UNLESS is also treated in the same way.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N+N reedspyr)
                      (CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO whech))
                              (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                      (VBP boweth)
                                      (PP (P wyth)
                                          (NP (Q euery) (N wynd))))))
              (ADVP-TMP (ADV neuyr))
              (BEP is)
              (ADJP (ADJ stable))
              (PP (P les) (D +tan)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N wynd))
                                  (VBP bloweth)))))
      (ID CMKEMPE,1.6)) 

FORWHI plus clause

FORWHI introducing an adverbial clause is treated in the same way as the demonstrative cases (see Section PREPOSITIONS WITH A DEMONSTRATIVE PLUS CLAUSE OR NP).
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
              (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO$ +goure) (NS hondis))
              (BEP be)
              (NEG not)
              (VAN maad)
              (IP-SMC-SPE (NP-SBJ *-1)
			  (ADJP (ADJ vnstedfast)))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P for) (WADV whi)
                  (CP-ADV-SPE (C 0)
			      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (N mede))
					  (MD schal)
					  (BE be)
					  (PP (P to)
					      (NP (PRO$ +goure) (N werk))))))
              (E_S .)
              (" ")) 
  (ID CMPURVEY,I,22.1040))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q Noon) (OTHER othir))
          (BED was)
          (ADJP (SUCH such)
                (PP (P as)
                    (NP (NPR Acab)
                        (, ,)
                        (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                (C that)
                                (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                        (BED was)
                                        (VAN seeld)
                                        (IP-INF (TO to)
                                                (DO do)
                                                (NP-OB1 (N yuel))
                                                (PP (P bifore)
                                                    (NP (NPR God)))))))))
          (, ;)
          (PP (P+WADV forwhi)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Jesabel)
                                              (NP-PRN (PRO$ his) (N wijf)))
                                      (VBD excitide)
                                      (NP-OB1 (PRO him)))
                              (, ,)
                              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                             (DOD dide)
                                             (NP-OB1 (ADJ abomynable) (N ydolatr
                                                                         ie)))))))
          (E_S .)) 
  (ID CMPURVEY,I,14.602))

Prepositions with other complements

Prepositions also take complements of other categories, most commonly ADVP, but also PPs, infinitives, participials, etc.
(NODE (PP (P for)
          (ADVP (ADV euere)))
      (ID CMAELR3,51.791)) 

(NODE (PP (P for)
          (ADVP (ADV eueremore)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,60.1791))

(NODE (PP (P From)
          (ADVP (ADV aboue)))
      (ID CMAELR3,57.947))

(NODE (PP (P a)
          (ADVP (RP+WARD vppart)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.203.2898)) 

(NODE (PP (P from)
          (ADVP (ADV (ADV21 henes) (ADV22 forthward))))
      (ID CMASTRO,663.C1.44))

(NODE (PP (P fro)
          (ADVP (ADV withoute)))
      (ID CMBOETH,435.C2.287))

(NODE (PP (P at)
          (ADVP (ADV ones)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,82.2488))

(NODE (PP (P as)
          (ADVP (ADV now)))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,108.2374))

(NODE (PP (P but)
          (ADVP (ADV avysely)))
      (ID CMCTPARS,325.C2a.1596))

(NODE (PP (P bot)
          (ADVP (ADV wirchipfully)))
      (ID CMGAYTRY,5.50))

(NODE (PP (P in)
          (ADVP (ADV +tere)))
      (ID CMMANDEV,53.1304))

(NODE (PP (P als)
          (ADVP (ADV by-fore)))
      (ID CMBENRUL,16.571))

(NODE (PP-1 (P +tan)
            (ADVP (ADV+WADV elles-where)))
      (ID CMBRUT3,3.51))

(NODE (PP (P +tan)
          (ADVP (ADV before)))
      (ID CMCAPCHR,137.3173))

(NODE (PP (P a)
          (ADVP (RP doun)))
          (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,339.2487))

(NODE (PP (P by)
          (ADVP (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (ADV than))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (D the) (N sonne))
                                (VBP goo)
                                (PP (P to)
                                    (NP (N reste)))))))
      (ID CMAELR4,6.165)) 

(NODE (PP (P aboute)
          (IP-INF (TO to)
                  (VB make)
                  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO vs))
                          (ADJP (ADJ clene))
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (ADJ cotidian) (NS defautes)))
                          (PP (P by)
                              (NP (NP (ADJ meke) (N schryfte))
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NP (ADJ due) (N satisfaccioun))))))))
      (ID CMAELR3,35.250)) 

(NODE (PP (P as)
          (IP-PPL (VAG touchyngge)
                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ holy)
                          (NS ymages))))
      (ID CMAELR3,35.258)) 

(NODE (PP (P bote)
          (PP (P +gif)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                              (VBP smyte)
                              (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
                              (PP (P wit)
                                  (NP (PRO$ +ty) (N tounge)))))))
      (ID CMAELR3,36.290)) 

Fronting in subordinate clauses

Constituents fronted out of a subordinate clause appear in the specifier position. They are coindexed to a trace within the clause.
(NODE (PP (PP-1 (P in)
                (NP (NPR$ godis) (N trouht)))
          (P yef)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (PP *ICH*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                          (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
                          (VBP se))))
      (ID CMBENRUL,4.89)) 

(NODE (PP (NP-1 (PRO$ hir) (N mastiresse))
          (P +toz)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *ICH*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO scho))
                          (BED ware))))
      (ID CMBENRUL,10.325))

Dative of possession in specPP

There appear to be a few cases of the dative of possession in the early texts. The clear cases always appear immediately preceding a PP with the "possessed" NP being the object of the preposition. These are labelled NP-DPS and put in the specifier of the PP. Potential datives of possesion in other positions are labelled NP-OB2 as with other oblique pronouns. See also Section FIRST OBJECT AND SECOND OBJECT.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (VBP falle)
              (PP (NP-DPS (NPR defle))
                  (P to)
                  (NP (N honde))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,11.130)) 

( (IP-MAT (LB |)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO +Te+g+g)
                  (QP (Q alle)))
          (VBD sungenn)
          (NP-OB1 (D +anne) (N sang))
          (LB |)
          (LB |)
          (PP (NP-DPS (NPR Drihhtin))
              (P to)
              (NP (N lofe) (CONJ &) (N wurr+te)))
          (E_S ,)
          (LB |))
  (ID CMORM,I,116.1006)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD strehiten)
          (PP (P under)
              (NP (NP-POS (D +ta) (N$ assa))
                  (NS fet)))
          (ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (ADV +ter))
                            (C 0)
                            (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                    (NP-SBJ (NPR drihten))
                                    (VBD rad)
                                    (PP (P inne)
                                        (NP (D +te) (CODE ) (N weye))))))
          (, .)
          (PP (NP-DPS (PRO him))
              (P to)
              (NP (N luue) (CONJ and) (N heri+ginge))))
  (ID CMLAMBX1,5.24)) 

Specifiers of PPs

Specifiers of prepositional phrases, such as particles, adverbs and measure phrases, are included in the PP constituent in the specifier position, although this position is not specially indicated in our system, apart from being within the PP before the head.
(NODE (PP (RP vp) (P to)
          (NP (NPR heuene)))
      (ID CMAELR3,26.17)) 

(NODE (PP (RP oute) (P of)
          (NP (D the)
              (N castel)))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.89)) 

(NODE (PP (FP even)
          (P unto)
          (NP (NPR London)))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.188)) 

(NODE (PP (FP onlyche)
          (P of)
          (NP (D +te) (ADJ liberal) (N +gyft)
              (PP (P of)
                  (NP (D +te) (N grace)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NPR God)))))))
      (ID CMAELR3,29.91)) 

(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUMP (QR more)
                        (PP (P than)
                            (NP (NUM thre))))
                  (NS houres))
          (P after)
          (NP (PRO$ his) (N deth)))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.91)) 

(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUM thirtene) (NS dayes))
          (P after)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR kyng) (NPR Uther))
                          (VBD wedded)
                          (NP-OB1 (NPR Igrayne)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,12.353)) 

(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUM ten) (N myle))
          (RP oute) (P of)
          (NP (NPR London)))
      (ID CMMALORY,17.513)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV lyke)
          (P as)
          (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
                          (VBD desyred))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.147)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV so)
          (P as)
          (CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
                  (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                          (VBP doo))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.159)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV streyte)
          (P unto)
          (NP (D the) (ADJ thirde) (N knyght)))
      (ID CMMALORY,181.2436)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV clene)
          (RP oute) (P of)
          (NP (D the) (N sadyll)))
      (ID CMMALORY,182.2488)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV nyghe)
          (P unto)
          (NP (D the) (N deth)))
      (ID CMMALORY,185.2616)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV Aure)
          (P se+d+den)
          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ ealde) (NS tilie))
                          (ADVP-DIR (ADV henne))
                          (VBD wenden))))
      (ID CMTRINIT,161.2167)) 

(NODE (PP (ADV well)
          (P at)
          (NP (N ease)))
      (ID CMMALORY,62.2072)) 

(PP (ADV nomeliche)
    (P +gef)
    (CP-ADV (C 0)
            (IP (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                (BEP is)
                (ADJP (ADJ priue)
                      (PP (P wi+d)
                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N lauerd)))))))

Treatment of individual words

(THE) WHILE

Note that WHILE(S) (THAT) is treated as a preposition taking an adverbial clause, but THE WHILE(S) (THAT) is treated as a temporal taking a relative clause.
( (IP-IMP (CONJ and)
          (PP (P whil)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N slep))
                              (BEP is)
                              (PP (P on)
                                  (NP (PRO here))))))
          (, ,)
          (VBI let)
          (IP-INF (VB cleue)
                  (PP (P to)
                      (NP (PRO$ here) (NS ribbes)))
                  (NP-SBJ (Q sum) (N sentence)
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (ADJ holy) (NS wrytyngges)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMAELR3,31.134)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (NS men))
          (VBD toke)
          (NP-OB1 (NPR$ Machometes) (N swerd))
          (PP (RP out)
              (P of)
              (NP (PRO$ his) (N schethe)))
          (PP (P whils)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBD slepte)))))
  (ID CMMANDEV,91.2254)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
          (MD moten)
          (VB idre+gan)
          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ ure) (N wil))
          (NP-MSR (D +te) (N hwile)     <--- the while
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C +te)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
                                  (BEP beo+d)
                                  (ADJP (ADJ +gunge)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMLAMBX1,29.348)) 

( (IP-IMP (VBI Fle)
          (NP-OB1 (NP (ADJ delicat) (NS metes))
                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                         (NP (ADJ doucet) (NS drinkes))))
          (NP-MSR (Q al) (D the) (N while)
                  (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
                                  (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                                  (BEP art)
                                  (NEG not)
                                  (ADJP (ADJ syke)))))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMAELR4,8.206)) 

FOR (Preposition)

FOR is marked as a preposition taking an adverbial clause in the following cases:
  1. when that reading is forced by the presence of a complementizer THAT, in FORTHI, FORTHAN, FORWHON constructions or if it is clause internal and thus clearly subordinate
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (PP (P for) (D +ti)   <--- for thi that
                  (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                  (BEP es)
                                  (NP-OB1 (N vice)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (N propirte)))))))
              (, ,)
              (MD sal)
              (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (BE be)
              (VAN scorn)
              (PP (P als)
                  (NP (N +tifte)))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMBENRUL,36.1179)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N somme)
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (NS thingis)
                                  (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                                          (C that)
                                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-3 *T*-2)
                                                  (BEP ben)
                                                  (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *-3)
                                                          (TO to)
                                                          (DO done)))))))
                  (BEP is)
                  (VAN taken)
                  (IP-INF (TO to)
                          (VB governe)
                          (PP (P to)
                              (NP (ADJ good) (N folk))))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (P for)       <--- for that
                      (CP-ADV (C that)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (N malice)
                                              (ADJP (ADJ haboundaunt))
                                              (PP (P of)
                                                  (NP (NS schrewes))))
                                      (MD scholde)
                                      (BE ben)
                                      (VAN abated)))))
          (ID CMBOETH,453.C2.523)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (P for)       <--- embedded 
                      (CP-ADV-SPE (C 0)
    			      (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
    					  (VBP dredith)
    					  (IP-INF-SPE (TO to)
    						      (VB lesen)
    						      (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N fortune))))))
                  (, ,)
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                  (VBP forletith)
                  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wikkidnesse))
                  (E_S .))
      (ID CMBOETH,454.C1.543)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
              (NP-SBJ *con*)
              (VBD told)
              (NP-OB2 (PRO hym))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P for)   <--- embedded 
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (BED was)
                                  (NP-OB1 (N Kyng)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (NPR Brytaigne)))))))
              (, ,)
              (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV how))
                      (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (N brother))
                              (BED was)
                              (VAN slayn)))
              (E_S ,))
      (ID CMBRUT3,12.337)) 
    
    
  2. when it means SO THAT
    ( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
              (NP-OB1 (D +tis))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (DOP do+t)
              (PP (P for)             <--- SO THAT
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (MD wil)
                                  (NEG not)
                                  (VB reuerse)
                                  (NP-OB1 (NP (D +te) (N ordre))
                                          (CONJP (CONJ or)
                                                 (NP (D +te) (ADJ ordinel) (N cours))))
                                  (PP (P in)
                                      (NP (D +te) (N cause)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (PRO$ his) (N creacion))))))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMCLOUD,20.116)) 
    
    
  3. when the clause is incomplete without the FOR clause because the cause is an integral part of the meaning. This is most common in copular constructions (MARY IS SO TALL FOR SHE GROWS SIX INCHES A YEAR), when giving the reason for the naming of something (IT IS CALLED A ROSE FOR IT SMELLS SO SWEET)
    ( (IP-MAT (PP (P In)
                  (NP (D +te) (N hei+gt)))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
              (BEP is)
              (, ,)
              (PP (P for)   <--- copular construction
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                  (BEP is)
                                  (PP (P wi+t)
                                      (NP (Q al) (D +te) (N my+gt)
                                          (PP (P of)
                                              (NP (D +te) (N spirit))))))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMCLOUD,75.304)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (N si+gt))
                  (MD may)
                  (BE be)
                  (NP-TMP (NP (Q any) (N tyme))
                          (, ,)
                          (CONJP (CONJ or)
                                 (PP (P in)
                                     (NP (Q any) (N +ting)))))
                  (, ,)
                  (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ cleer)
                        (PP (P +ten)
                            (PP (P in)
                                (NP (D+OTHER ano+ter)))))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (P for)       <--- copular construction
                      (CP-ADV (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                      (BEP is)
                                      (ADVP-TMP (ADV euermore))
                                      (ADJP (ADJ vnchaungable))))))
          (ID CMCLOUD,89.527)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (Q alle) (D the) (NS sterres)
                            (RRC (VAG sitting)
                                 (PP (P within)
                                     (NP (D the) (N zodiak)
                                         (PP (P of)
                                             (NP (PRO$ thin) (N Astrelabie)))))))
                  (BEP ben)
                  (VAN clepid)      <--- are called 
                  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-1)
                          (NP-OB1 (NS sterres)
                                  (PP (P of)
                                      (NP (D the) (N north)))))
                  (, ,)
                  (PP (P for)
                      (CP-ADV (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB 
                               (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
                               (VBP arise)
                               (PP (P by)
                                   (NP (N northe)))
                               (NP-DIR (D the) (N est) (N lyne)))))
                  (E_S .))
          (ID CMASTRO,667.C2.146))
    
    
In all other cases it is treated as a conjunction like AND or BUT (see Section COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS). In infinitival FOR TO constructions it has its own label FOR (see Section INFINITIVE MARKERS).

SO THAT

SO introducing purpose and result clauses is labelled as a preposition taking an adverbial clause. For SO... THAT degree clauses, see Section DEGREE COMPLEMENTS.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
              (VBP adden)
              (NP-OB1 (N clernesse)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (N renoun))))
              (PP (P to)
                  (NP (D the) (NUM thre) (ADV+VAN forseyde) (NS thynges)))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P so)
                  (CP-ADV (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there))
                                  (NEG ne)
                                  (BEP be)
                                  (PP (P amonges)
                                      (NP (PRO hem)))
                                  (NP-1 (Q no) (N difference))))))
      (ID CMBOETH,429.C2.42)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (NUM .iij.) (N part)
                  (PP (P toward)
                      (NP (D the)  (NPR Septentrion))))
          (BEP is)
          (ADJP (ADV full) (ADJ cold))
          (PP (P so)
              (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (PP (P for)
                                  (NP (NP (ADJ pure) (N cold))
                                      (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                             (NP (ADJ contynuell) (N frost)))))
                              (NP-SBJ (D the) (N water))
                              (VBP becometh)
                              (NP-OB1 (N Cristall)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMANDEV,104.2529)) 

BECAUSE

BECAUSE is tagged P+N when written together (see Section BECAUSE, AMID(DES), BESIDE(S)) and by_P cause_N when phrasal. When BECAUSE is written as a single word, its clausal complement is labelled CP-ADV, that is, as an adverbial clause; when BECAUSE is phrasal, a complement clause is treated as a THAT CLAUSE complement of the noun CAUSE (see Section THAT CLAUSES).
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR$ Balynes) (N oste))
          (MD myght)
          (NEG $not)
          (BE be)
          (VAN lette)
          (RP in)
          (PP (P+N because)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (HVD had)
                              (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N lady)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,63.2096)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
          (NP-SBJ (Q lytyll))
          (VBP appereth)
          (PP (ADV+P +tereof))
          (PP (P+N because)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                              (BEP is)
                              (NP-MSR (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ longe))
                                      (PP (P sith)
                                          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                                          (BED was)
                                                          (VAN destroyed))))))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMANDEV,10.179)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (PP (P by)
              (NP (N cause)     <--- by cause that
                  (CP-THT (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                  (VBD knewe)
                                  (NEG not)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N sheld))))))
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (VBD demed)
          (CP-THT (C 0)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                          (BED was)
                          (NEG not)
                          (NP-OB1 (PRO he))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,68.2300)) 

FOR AS MUCH AS, IN SO MUCH AS/THAT etc.

The clause or PP in these cases is complement to the QP AS MUCH, SO MUCH, etc. When these phrases are written together they are not separated and the whole phrase is treated as the head of the prepositional phrase.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
              (BEP be)
              (NP-OB1 (NP-POS (D +te) (N$ kynges)
                              (PP *ICH*-1))
                      (N douter)
                      (PP-1 (P of)
                            (NP (NPR heuene))))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P for)
                  (QP (ADVR as) (Q muche)
                      (PP (P as)
                          (CP-ADV (C 0)
                                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                                          (HVP hast)
                                          (VBN ywedded)
                                          (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N sone)
                                                  (NP-PRN (NPR
                                                           Criste)))))))))
      (ID CMAELR3,33.204)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
              (HVP haue)
              (VBN preuyd)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO +te))
              (PP (P be)
                  (NP (NP (Q many) (NS tribulacyons))
                      (, ,)
                      (CONJP (NP (Q many) (ADJ gret) (N heuynes)))
                      (, ,)
                      (CONJP (CONJ &)
                             (NP (Q many) (ADJ grevows) (N sekenes)))))              
              (PP (P in)
                  (QP (ADVR so) (Q mech)
                      (CP-ADV-SPE (C +tat)
				  (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
					      (HVP hast)
					      (BEN ben)
					      (VAN $a-noynted)
					      (PP (P for)
						  (ADJP (ADJ deed)))))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMKEMPE,51.1159)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ For)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
          (DOP dooth)
          (NP-OB1 (N wrong))
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (NPR Jhesu) (NPR Crist)))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P in)
              (QP (ADVR as) (Q muche)
                  (CODE )
                  (PP (P as)
                      (CP-ADV (C 0)
                              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                                      (VBP bynymeth)
                                      (NP-OB1 (D the) (N service)
                                              (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                                                      (C that)
                                                      (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                                                              (NP-SBJ (NS men))
                                                              (MD oghte)
                                                              (DO doon)
                                                              (PP (P to)
                                                                  (NP (NPR Crist)
                                                                      ))
                                                              (PP (P with)
                                                                  (NP (Q alle) (N diligence)))))))))))
          (, ,)
          (PP-PRN (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (WNP-2 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                                  (VBP seith)
                                  (NP-SBJ (NPR Salomon)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCTPARS,311.C1.973)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-VOC (N Suster))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
          (HVP hast)
          (ADVP-TMP (ADV ofte))
          (VBN axed)
          (PP (P of)
              (NP (PRO me)))
          (NP-OB1 (D a) (N forme)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (N lyuyng)))
                  (RRC (VAG accordyng)
                       (PP (P to)
                           (NP (PRO$ thyn) (N estat)))))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P+ADVR+Q inasmuche)      <--- written as one word
              (PP (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                                  (BEP art)
                                  (VAN enclosed)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMAELR4,1.10)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (PP (P when)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Humbar))
                              (VBD saw)
                              (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (PRO hem))
                                      (VB come)))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
          (BED was)
          (ADJP (ADV sore) (VAN adrad))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P+ADVR+Q forasmyche)
              (PP (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ his) (NS men))
                                  (VBD wist)
                                  (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
                                  (NEG not)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMBRUT3,13.347)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (PP (P+N because)
              (CP-ADV (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (BED was)
                              (NP-OB1 (NP-POS (D +te) (N$ kyngis))
                                      (N chambirleyn)))))
          (, ,)
          (NP-SBJ (D +tat) (N sale))
          (BED was)
          (NP-MSR (QS moost))
          (VAN (VAN alowed) (CONJ and) (VAN appreued))
          (, ,)
          (PP (P+ADVR+Q in-so-mech)
              (CP-ADV (C +tat)
                      (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                              (VBD entered)
                              (NP-OB1 (D +te) (NS londis)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMCAPCHR,145.3377)) 

For ALL BE IT, etc. see Section ALL BE IT, ETC.

Conjunction Phrase (CONJP)

Conjunction of phrases
Shared modifiers

Conjunction of phrases

All conjoined phrases have the same structure with the second conjunct headed by the conjunction and adjoined to the first conjunct at the phrasal level.
(XP (XP (X firstconjunct))
    (CONJP (CONJ conjunction)
           (YP (Y secondconjunct))))
Some simple examples are given here. For more details on how conjunction is treated see Section CONJUNCTION.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP (D the) (N duke))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.11)) 

(NODE (NP-SBJ (CONJ neyther)
              (NP (PRO he))
              (CONJP (CONJ nor)
                     (NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.28)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJP (ADJ full)
                  (PP (P of)
                      (NP (N thought))))
            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                   (ADJP (ADJ slepy))))
      (ID CMMALORY,33.1055)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ hardy))
            (CONJP (CONJ or)
                   (ADJP (QR more)
                         (PP (P of)
                             (NP (N prouesse))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,50.1652)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV treoweliche))
            (CONJP (CONJ &)
                   (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV feste))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.168.2310)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVP (D +te) (QR more) (ADV quaynteliche))
            (, /)
            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                   (ADVP (D +te) (QR more) (ADV honesteliche))))
      (ID CMAYENBI,47.808)) 

(NODE (PP (PP (P of)
              (NP (NPR Lowthean)))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (PP (P of)
                     (NP (NPR Orkenay)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,5.114)) 

(NODE (PP (PP (P for)
              (NP (ADJ pure) (N angre)))
          (CONJP (CONJ and)
                 (PP (P for)
                     (NP (ADJ grete) (N love)
                         (PP (P of)
                             (NP (ADJ fayr) (NPR Igrayne)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.41)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (BED was)
                      (NP-OB1 (N kynge)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (Q all)
                                      (NPR Englond)))))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
                             (ADVP (ADV so))
                             (VBD regned))))
      (ID CMMALORY,2.6)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (CP-QUE (WADVP-5 (WADV how))
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-5)
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
                              (BED was)
                              (VBN ended)))
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (CP-QUE (WNP-6 (WPRO who))
                             (C 0)
                             (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-6)
                                     (HVD had)
                                     (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJS worst))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,29.933))

For conjunction of single words, see Section CONJUNCTION OF SINGLE WORDS.

Shared modifiers

In cases in which the second conjunct may share a modifier with the first conjunct, the second conjunct is labelled YX, rather than YP (i.e., NX rather NP, ADJX rather then ADJP, etc.) to indicate the ambiguity of the phrasal level (Y, Y' or YP).
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS yssues)
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (NX (NS posternes))))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.36)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N honour)
              (CONJP (CONJ and)
                     (NX (N profite))))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.56)) 

(NODE (ADJP (ADJP (ADV mervaylously) (ADJ dyght))
            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                   (ADJX (ADJ ryche))))
      (ID CMMALORY,64.2151)) 

(NODE (ADJP (Q all) (ADJ fayre)
            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                   (ADJX (ADJ whyght))))
      (ID CMMALORY,653.4385)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADV ful) (ADV foule)
            (CONJP (CONJ and)
                   (ADVX (ADV $abhomynably))))
      (ID CMAELR4,10.260)) 

(NODE (ADVP (ADVR swa) (ADV wur+dliche)
            (CONJP (CONJ ant)
                   (ADVX (ADV michteliche))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,I.70.270)) 

Interjection Phrase (INTJP)

Single word interjections part-of-speech tagged as such (i.e., INTJ) in a sentential context do not project an INTJP.
( (IP-IMP-SPE (' ')
              (INTJ A)
              (, ,)
              (NP-VOC (NPR sir) (NPR Arthure))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Ban))
                                  (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                         (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors)))))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (VBI blame)
              (NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
              (NEG nat)
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,27.840)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (INTJ Nay)
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS kyngis)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
              (MD shall)
              (NEG nat)
              (VB *)
              (PP (P at)
                  (NP (D thys) (N tyme)))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,31.985)) 

( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
              (INTJ Alas)
              (, !)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (NUM eleven) (NS kyngis)))
              (, ,)
              (' ')
              (ADVP-LOC (ADV here))
              (BEP ys)
              (NP-SBJ (N sorow)
                      (PP (P uppon)
                          (NP (N sorow))))
              (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,32.1004)) 

The label INTJP is used in four cases.
  1. when the interjection takes a complement, which can be an NP, PP, or clause
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Allas)
             (NP (D +te) (N sorwe))
             (E_S !))
      (ID CMBRUT3,219.3922)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Walawa)
             (NP (NP (D +tessere) (N lare))
                 (CONJP (CONJ and)
                        (NP (D +desere) (N dade))))
             (E_S !))
      (ID CMVICES1,127.1568)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (INTJ fye)
                 (PP (P for)
                     (NP (N shame))))
          (ID CMMALORY,207.3407)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (INTJ Fye)
                 (PP (P on)
                     (NP (PRO the))))
          (ID CMMALORY,207.3437)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Alas)
             (PP (P to)
                 (NP (PRO me))))
      (ID CMEARLPS,156.6965))
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Amen)
             (PP (P for)
                 (NP (N cheryte)))
             (E_S .))
      (ID CMGREGOR,232.2429)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (INTJ Lo)
                 (NP (D +tis))
                 (E_S ,))
          (ID CMANCRIW,I.50.102)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (NP-VOC (N Womman))
                 (, ,)
                 (INTJ lo)
                 (NP (PRO$ thy) (N sone)))
          (ID CMAELR4,21.643)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ lo)
             (ADVP-LOC (ADV her))
             (NP (N preoue)
                 (PP (P of)
                     (NP (Q ba+de))))
             (E_S .))(ID CMANCRIW,II.179.2497)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (PP (P a+gein)
                 (NP (N misdede) (CONJ o+der) (N (N21 mis) (N22 sa+ge))))
             (, .)
             (INTJ lo)
             (ADVP-LOC (ADV her))
             (ADVP-TMP (ADV anonden))
             (NP (D +te) (ADJS beste) (N remedie)))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.101.1215)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Farewel)
             (, ,)
             (NP-VOC (ADJ goostly) (N freende))
             (, ,)
             (PP (P in)
                 (NP (NP (NPR$ Goddes) (N blessing))
                     (CONJP (CONJ &)
                            (NP (PRO$ myne)))))
             (E_S !))
      (ID CMCLOUD,133.823)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ loo)
             (, ,)
             (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO what))
                     (C 0)
                     (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                             (VBP seith)
                             (NP-SBJ (NPR Seint) (NPR Augustyn))))
             (E_S :))
      (ID CMCTPARS,308.C2.866)) 
    
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Lo)
             (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV howe) (ADV sone))
                     (C 0)
                     (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                             (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                             (MD couthe)
                             (VB play)
                             (NP-OB1 (D the) (NS nygardys))))
             (E_S !))
      (ID CMGREGOR,238.2601)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (INTJ allas)
                 (CP-THT (C +tat)
                         (IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV euer))
                                 (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                 (VBD come)
                                 (PP (P into)
                                     (NP (D +tat) (N Lande))))))
          (ID CMBRUT3,18.541)) 
    
    (NODE (INTJP (INTJ wumme)
                 (CP-THT (C +tt)
                         (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
                                 (VBP libbe)))
                 (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD q+d)
                             (NP-SBJ (PRO he)))
                 (E_S .))
          (ID CMJULIA,124.503)) 
    
    
  2. with multiword interjections
    ( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
                  (INTJP (INTJ A) (INTJ ha))
                  (, ,)
                  (' ')
                  (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
                              (NP-SBJ (NPR Ban) (CONJ and) (NPR Bors)))
                  (, ,)
                  (' ')
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                  (BED were)
                  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ oure) (ADJ good) (NS frendis))
                  (E_S .))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.495)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (INTJP (INTJ weila) (INTJ wei))
              (NP-SBJ (QP (ADVR as) (Q feole)))
              (DOP do+d)
              (ADVP (ADV +tus))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.199.2832))
    
    
  3. when the interjection is not labelled INTJ at the word level; see Section INTERJECTIONS. This can apply to single words or phrases.
    ( (CP-QUE (IP-SUB (INTJP (WPRO What))
                      (, ,)
                      (NP-VOC (N woman))
                      (, ,)
                      (BEP art)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
                      (VBN come)
                      (ADVP (ADV a-+gen))))
      (ID CMKEMPE,131.3062)) 
    
    (NODE (IP-IMP-SPE (INTJP (WPRO what))
                      (NP-VOC (ADJ good) (N lord))
                      (VBI late)
                      (IP-SMC-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
    			      (ADJP (ADJ allone))))
          (ID CMREYNAR,12.215)) 
    
    ( (CP-QUE (IP-SUB (INTJP (WADV Hu) (INTJ dele))
                      (VBP +tenche+d)
                      (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
                      (PP (P mid)
                          (NP (N ech+ge))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.52.483)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (INTJP (INTJ +Ge) (N so+des) (INTJ +ge))
              (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
              (HVP haue+d))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.81.957)) 
    
    ( (CP-QUE-SPE (IP-SUB-SPE (INTJP (NPR Seinte) (NPR marie))
    			  (NEG+HVP Naue+d)
    			  (NP-SBJ (NP (D +te) (N mon))
    				  (CONJP (CONJ o+der)
    					 (NP (D +te) (N wummon))))
    			  (NP-OB1 (N meseise))))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.165.2267)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT-SPE (" ")
                  (INTJP (INTJ O) (PRO$ my) (N nory))
                  (, ,)
                  (" ")
                  (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD quod)
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO sche)))
                  (, ,)
                  (" ")
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                  (HVP have)
                  (NP-OB1 (ADJ greet) (N gladnesse)
                          (PP (P of)
                              (NP (PRO the))))
                  (E_S ,))
      (ID CMBOETH,436.C2.327)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT-SPE (" ")
                  (INTJP (FW ma) (FW foy))
                  (, ,)
                  (" ")
                  (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD quod)
                              (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N fader)))
                  (, ,)
                  (" ")
                  (NP-SBJ (PRO y))
                  (MD may)
                  (NP-OB1 (QP (Q no) (QR more)))
                  (VB axen)
                  (E_S .)
                  (" "))
      (ID CMBRUT3,17.498)) 
    
    ( (IP-MAT (INTJP (INTJ O) (ADJ goode) (NPR God))          
              (, ,)
              (ADVP (ADV wel))
              (MD oghte)
              (NP-SBJ (MAN man))
              (HV have)
              (NP-OB1 (N desdayn)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (N synne))))
              (, ,)
              (PP (P sith)
                  (CP-ADV (C that)
                          (IP-SUB (PP (P thurgh)
                                      (NP (N synne)))
                                  (ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (ADV ther))
                                                    (C 0)
                                                    (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
                                                            (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                                            (BED was)
                                                            (ADJP (ADJ free)))))
                                  (ADVP-TMP (ADV now))
                                  (BEP is)
                                  (NP-SBJ-2 (PRO he))
                                  (VAN maked)
                                  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-2)
                                          (ADJP (ADJ bonde))))))
              (E_S .))
      (ID CMCTPARS,290.C2.100)) 
    
    
  4. when the interjection makes up a separate token. This is commonly the case with the word AMEN at the end of sermons.
    ( (INTJP (INTJ Amen)
             (E_S .))
      (ID CMAELR3,60.1033)) 
    
    

WH-phrases

WADJP
WADVP
WNP
WPP
WQP
The internal structure of wh-phrases is the same as that of their non-wh counterparts. The content of the wh-phrase may be 0 (ZERO) however, indicating an empty operator.

WADJP

A WADJP may consist of an empty operator (WADJP 0) (only in comparatives) or an adjective modified by HOW. WADJPs may also modify nouns, in which case they are contained within a WNP.
(NODE (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ welcom)
            (PP (P than)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)     <--- empty operator in comparatives
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                                (BED were)
                                (ADVP-TMP (ADV tofore))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.490))

(NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ slepy)
            (PP (P as)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                                (BEP am)
                                (ADVP-TMP (ADV nowe))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,180.2423))

(NODE (ADJP (Q muche) (ADJR bygger)
            (PP (P than)
                (CP-CMP (WADJP-2 0)
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-2)
                                (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
                                (BED was)
                                (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,200.3170)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WADJP-3 (WADV hou) (ADJ seruisable)) <--- adj. modified by HOW
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-3)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (BED was)
                      (PP (P to)
                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N moder)))))
      (ID CMAELR3,41.440)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WADJP-4 (WADV how) (ADJ swete)
                       (CONJP (CONJ and)
                              (ADJX (ADJ gracious))))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-4)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (BED was)
                      (PP (P to)
                          (NP (PRO$ his) (N nursche)))))
      (ID CMAELR3,41.440)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-3 (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ longe)))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-3)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                      (HVP hast)
                      (VBN continued)
                      (PP (P in)
                          (NP (N synne)))))
      (ID CMCTPARS,322.C2.1496)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-2 (WADJP (WADJP (WADV hou) (ADJ gode))
                            (CONJP (CONJ &)
                                   (WADJP (WADV hou) (ADJ ioiful))))
                     (N +ting))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
                      (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO it))
                      (BEP is)
                      (, ,)
                      (NP-VOC (NS bre+ter))
                      (IP-INF-1 (TO to)
                                (VB wonen)
                                (PP (P in)
                                    (NP (ONE on))))))
      (ID CMEARLPS,163.7229)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ gret))
                     (N gude))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO He))
                      (HVP has)
                      (DON done)
                      (NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
                      (PP (P on)
                          (NP (Q ilk) (ONE a) (N syde)))))
      (ID CMEDTHOR,20.103)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WPP-3 (P wit)
                     (WNP (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ softe)
                                 (CONJP (CONJ and)
                                        (ADJX (ADJ swete))))
                          (N voys)))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (PP *T*-3)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (VBD asoylede)
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO here))))
      (ID CMAELR3,42.459)) 

WADVP

A WADVP consists either of an empty operator (WADVP 0) or is headed by a wh-adverb.
( (CP-QUE-SPE (' ')
              (WADVP-1 (WADV Where))
              (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
			  (BEP is)
			  (NP-SBJ (PRO he)))
              (, ?)
              (' ')
              (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
                          (NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng)))
              (E_S .))
  (ID CMMALORY,3.65)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV why))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (BED was)
                      (ADJP (ADJ seke))))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.43)) 

(NODE (ADVP-DIR (CP-FRL (WADVP-2 (WADV whydur) (ADV euere))
                        (C 0)
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-DIR *T*-2)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                                (VBP walke))))
      (ID CMAELR3,27.39)) 

(NODE (ADVP-LOC (ADV $there)
                (CP-REL (WADVP-4 0)
                        (C $as)
                        (CODE {TEXT:thereas})
                        (IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-4)
                                (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                                (MD wille)
                                (HV have)
                                (NP-OB1 (PRO it)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,4.74)) 

(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (D the) (N cause)
              (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV how))
                      (C 0)
                      (IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
                              (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
                              (BED was)
                              (PP (P by)
                                  (NP (NPR$ Merlyns) (N counceil))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,5.134)) 

WNP

A WNP may consist of an empty operator (WNP 0), a wh-pronoun WHAT or WHICH (WPRO), or a noun modified by the wh-determiner WHICH ( WD).
(NODE (NP (D the) (N Astrelabie)
          (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                  (C that)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                          (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
                          (HVP have)
                          (VBN seyn))))
      (ID CMASTRO,662.C1.10)) 

(NODE (NP (Q all) (NS thinges)
          (CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
                  (C +tat)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
                          (BEP ben)
                          (VAN contayned)
                          (PP (P in)
                              (NP (PRO hem))))))
      (ID CMMANDEV,1.5)) 

( (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO What))
          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                  (VBP happith)
                  (PP (ADV+P herof))
                  (, ,)
                  (CP-QUE-PRN (IP-SUB (VBP trowist)
                                      (NP-SBJ (PRO thou)))))
          (E_S ?))
  (ID CMAELR4,2.22))

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO whome))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
                      (VBP sekest)))
      (ID CMMALORY,3.52)) 

(NODE (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WD what) (ADJ poure) (N man))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                      (VBP mete)
                      (PP (P at)
                          (NP (D the) (N posterne) (N yate)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (D the) (N castel)))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.149)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-2 (WD what) (N counceill))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
                      (BED were)
                      (ADJP (ADJS best))))
      (ID CMMALORY,6.172)) 

WPP

WPP is used in the case of pied-piping. There are no empty WPPs in the PPCME2 (unlike the PPCME1). These cases are now treated as extraction of the wh-nominal and deletion of the stranded preposition. See Section DELETION OF STRANDED PREPOSITIONS.
(NODE (CP-QUE-SPE (WPP-1 (P For)
                         (WNP (WD what) (N Cause)))
                  (IP-SUB-SPE (PP *T*-1)
			      (BEP is)
			      (NP-SBJ-2 (D that) (N boye)
					(NP-PRN (NPR Arthur)))
			      (VBD made)
			      (IP-SMC-SPE (NP-SBJ *-2)
					  (NP-OB1 (PRO$ your) (N kynge)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,12.349)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WPP-1 (P frome)
                     (WADVP (WADV whens)))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO they))
                      (VBD com)))
      (ID CMMALORY,16.480)) 

(NODE (CP-CAR (WPP-2 (WADV+P wherfor))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (PP *T*-2)
                      (NP-SBJ (NP (D the) (N quene)
                                  (, ,)
                                  (NP-PRN (ADJ fayre) (NPR Igrayne)))
                              (CONJP *ICH*-3))
                      (, ,)
                      (VBD made)
                      (NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorowe))
                      (CONJP-3 (CONJ and)
                               (NP (Q alle) (D the) (NS barons)))))
      (ID CMMALORY,7.182)) 

(NODE (CP-REL (WPP-1 (P of)
                     (WNP (D the) (WPRO whiche)))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
                      (VBP cometh)
                      (NP-SBJ (N couetise) (CONJ and) (N auarice))))
      (ID CMAELR4,2.31)) 

WQP

A WQP consists of a quantifier modified by HOW. It is always contained within a WNP, in the same way as a QP is always contained within an NP.
( (CP-EXL (CONJ &)
          (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV hu) (Q muche))
                 (N wunder))
          (C 0)
          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                  (VBD fole+gede)
                  (CODE )
                  (NP-OB1 (D +teose) (NS wordes)))
          (E_S ;))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.63.642)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q many)))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                      (HVD had)
                      (VBN undirtake)
                      (NP-OB1 (D the) (N queste)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (D the) (NPR Holy) (NPR Grayle))))))
      (ID CMMALORY,637.3844)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q moche))
                     (N drede)
                     (CONJP (CONJ and)
                            (NX (N pareyle))))
              (C 0)
              (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
                      (VBP leueth)
                      (PP (P yn)
                          (NP *T*-1))
                      (ADVP-TMP (ADV alway))))
      (ID CMMIRK,47.1344)) 

(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q many))
                     (NS degrees))
              (IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO$ thy) (N rule))
                      (BEP is)
                      (VAN areised)
                      (PP (P fro)
                          (NP (D the) (ADJ litel) (N cros)
                              (PP (P upon)
                                  (NP (PRO$ thin) (N est) (N lyne)))))))
      (ID CMASTRO,669.C2.210)) 

Fragment (FRAG)

Fragments are grammatical utterances consisting of at least two constituents, for which there is not enough material to construct an IP.
( (FRAG (INTJ Nay)
        (, ,)
        (ADVP (ADV dredeles))
        (E_S ;))
  (ID CMAELR3,36.303)) 

( (FRAG (CONJ And)
        (NP (Q no) (N wonder))
        (E_S ;))
  (ID CMAELR3,52.812)) 

( (FRAG (PP (P In)
            (NP (NPR Lente)))
        (NP (ONE o) (N manere)
            (PP (P of)
                (NP (N potage))))
        (NP-TMP (Q euery) (N day))
        (, ,)
        (PP (P but)
            (CP-ADV (C 0)
                    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N siknesse))
                            (NP-OB1 (PRO it))
                            (VBP make))))
        (E_S ;))
  (ID CMAELR4,9.211)) 

( (FRAG (NP (NPR Aue))
        (, ;)
        (NP (NPR In) (NPR conyertendo))
        (, ;)
        (NP-MSR (NUM fif) (NS si+d+den))
        (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,I.70.271)) 

Quotation Phrase (QTP)

The label QTP surrounds non-sentential and foreign language quotations and is used to distinguish ``mention'' from ``use''. It is like a black box which indicates that the interior structure of a string is not relevant to the clause. Direct speech sentence fragments are labelled QTP rather than FRAG. Sentential quotations (IP and CP) are labelled as direct speech with the extension -SPE; see Section DIRECT SPEECH.
( (QTP (INTJP (INTJ loo)
              (CP-QUE-SPE (WADVP-1 (WADV wher))
			  (C 0)
			  (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
				      (NP-SBJ (NPR Ihesus))
				      (VBP come+t)))
              (' ')
              (E_S -)))
  (ID CMAELR3,32.171)) 

( (QTP (' ')
       (INTJ A)
       (, ,)
       (NP-VOC (NPR Ihesu))
       (, ,)
       (NP (PRO$ +ty) (ADJ wundurful) (N pyte))
       (, ,)
       (NP (PRO$ +ty)
           (N mercy)
           (CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
                   (C +tat)
                   (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
			       (MD may)
			       (NEG not)
			       (BE be)
			       (VAN told))))
       (E_S !))
  (ID CMAELR3,43.491)) 

( (QTP (' ')
       (NP-VOC (N Syr))
       (, ,)
       (' ')
       (IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
                   (NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay)))
       (, ,)
       (' ')
       (PP (P by)
           (NP (PRO$ my) (N broder)
               (NP-PRN (NPR Arthur))))
       (E_S ,))
  (ID CMMALORY,9.240)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N apostel))
          (VBP sei+t)
          (, :)
          (QTP (LATIN (FW Virgo) (FW prudens) (FW cogitat) (FW que)
                      (FW domini) (FW sunt) (, ,) (FW etcetera)))
          (E_S -))
  (ID CMAELR3,26.6)) 

( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (NPR hester)
                  (PP (P on)
                      (NP (NPR ebreu))))
          (NP-SBJ-RSP (D +tt))
          (BEP is)
          (QTP (VAN ihud))      <--- hidden
          (PP (P an)
              (NP (NPR englisch)))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.115.1451)) 

``Hester in Heberew, that is `hidden' in English''

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N nome)
                  (NP-PRN (NPR assuer)))
          (VBP spele+d)
          (QTP (ADJ eadi))      <--- blessed 
          (PP-PRN (P as)
                  (CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
                          (C 0)
                          (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
                                  (BEP is)
                                  (VAN iseid)
                                  (ADVP-TMP (ADV ear)))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.130.1716)) 

(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (QTP (ADVP (ADVR to) (ADV earliche)))
                (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ONE an))
                (VBP hatte))
      (ID CMANCRIW,II.152.2061)) 

``The one is called `too early'''

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Drede))
          (VBP zay+t)
          (, .)
          (' ')
          (QTP (P Vram)
               (NP (NPR helle)))
          (E_S .)
          (' '))
  (ID CMAYENBI,264.2531)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
          (NP-SBJ *con*)
          (VBD said)
          (, ,)
          (' ')
          (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-VOC (N Syr))  <--- sentential quotation: IP-MAT-SPE
                      (, ,)
                      (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
                      (MD must)
                      (VB purvey)
                      (NP-OB1 (PRO yow))
                      (PP (P for)
                          (NP (D the) (N nourisshyng)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (PRO$ your) (N child))))))
          (E_S .)
          (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,5.137)) 

( (IP-MAT (ADVP-TMP (ADV Than))
          (VBD seyde)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ olde) (N man))
          (, ,)
          (' ')
          (CP-QUE-SPE (WADVP-1 (WADV Why)) <--- quoted direct question:
                      (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP *T*-1)      CP-QUE-SPE
				  (BEP ar)
				  (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
				  (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ sad))))
          (E_S ?)
          (' '))
  (ID CMMALORY,34.1100)) 

Reference (REF)

The label REF is used to indicate the source or reference for a statement when it is simply stated without any explicit connection to the statement itself. The reference is separated from the statement when possible.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N appostle))
          (NP-OB1 (D this))
          (VBP declareth)
          (PP (P to)
              (NP (D the) (NPRS Hebreos)))
          (REF (D the) (NUM .ix.) (N chapytre))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMFITZJA,A5V.83)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP-9 (PRO it))
              (BEP is)
              (VAN declaryd)
              (REF (NP (D the) (ADJ fyrste) (N boke)
                       (PP (P of)
                           (NP (NPR Esdre))))
                   (NP (D the)
                       (ADJP (ADJ fyrste) (CONJ &) (ADJ syxte))
                       (NS chapytours))))
      (ID CMFITZJA,A6R.84)) 

( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
          (NP-SBJ (NPR Willelmus) (NPR de) (NPR Regibus))
          (, ,)
          (REF (LATIN (FW libro) (FW 2=o=)))
          (, ,)
          (VBP sei+t)
          (CP-THT (C +tat)
                  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N kyng))
                          (BED was)
                          (PP (P at)
                              (NP (D +te) (N feste)
                                  (PP (P at)
                                      (NP (NPR Pulkercherche)))))
                          (PP (P in)
                              (NP (NP-POS (D a) (NPR seynt) (NPR$ Austyns))
                                  (N day)))))
          (E_S ,))
  (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,443.3252)) 

(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
              (NP-SBJ (NPR Gregory))
              (VBP seith)
              (PP (P in)
                  (NP (NUM ij.)
                      (N bok)
                      (PP (P of)
                          (NP (NS Pastrals)))
                      (REF (NP (NUM v.) (N c=o=.))))))
      (ID CMPURVEY,I,33.1610)) 

( (REF (NP (NPR Seint) (NPR Iohan)
           (NP-PRN (D +te) (N ewangeliste)))
       (, .)
       (PP (P in)
           (NP (D +te) (NPR apocalipse)))
       (E_S .))
  (ID CMANCRIW,II.129.1679)) 

( (REF (LATIN (FW Beda) (, ,) (FW libro) (FW 3=o=) (, ,) (FW capitulo)
              (FW 6=o=))
       (E_S .))
  (ID CMPOLYCH,VI,3.9)) 

(NODE (REF (LATIN (FW Ecclesiastes) (FW 9=no=)))
      (ID CMROYAL,258.327)) 

Foreign language quotations and passages (LATIN, FRENCH, HEBREW)

Foreign language passages longer than a single word are labelled with the name of the language. This is most commonly LATIN but occasionally FRENCH and HEBREW are used. When the foreign language passage takes a role in the sentence, it is also labelled for function. Quotations are labelled QTP; see Section QUOTATION PHRASE.

( (LATIN (FW Narracio) (FW valde) (FW deuota) (FW contra) (FW $temptacionem))
  (ID CMAELR3,29.95))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N boc))
          (VBP sey+t)
          (, :)
          (QTP (LATIN (FW Qui) (FW non) (FW est) (FW temptatus) (, ,)
                      (FW non) (FW est) (FW probatus)))
          (E_S -))
  (ID CMAELR3,27.27))

( (FRENCH (FW Le) (FW Feste) (FW de) (FW Sentt) (FW Gorge) (FW a) 
          (FW Wyndesore)
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMGREGOR,113.405))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
          (NP-SBJ (D the) (NPRS Iewes))
          (VBP clepen)
          (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO $hem))
                  (PP (P in)
                      (NP (D this) (N manere)))
                  (PP (P in)
                      (NP (NPR Ebrew)))
                  (, :)
                  (NP-OB1 (HEBREW (FW APPELIUS) (FW AMERRIUS) (CONJ &) (FW
DAMASUS))))
          (E_S .))
  (ID CMMANDEV,46.1136))